Add scanf() documentation for C (#5999)

* Add scanf() documentation for C

* Update scanf.md

* Update scanf.md

minor fixes and formatting

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content/c/concepts/basic-output/terms/scanf/scanf.md

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+---
+Title: 'scanf()'
+Description: 'Reads a user input and assigns it to a variable.'
+Subjects:
+  - 'Code Foundations'
+  - 'Computer Science'
+Tags:
+  - 'Functions'
+  - 'Input'
+CatalogContent:
+  - 'learn-c'
+  - 'paths/computer-science'
+---
+
+The **`scanf()`** function (short for 'scan formatted') reads user input, interprets it according to the specified format, and assigns the converted value to a variable.
+
+## Syntax
+
+```pseudo
+int scanf(const char *format, &variable1, &variable2, ..., &variableN);
+```
+
+- `format`: A string containing format specifiers (e.g., `%d`, `%f`, `%s`) that define the type of input expected.
+- `&variable1, &variable2, ..., &variableN`: Pointers to variables where the values from the input will be stored. Each pointer corresponds to a format specifier in the `format` string.
+
+For a short list of format specifiers you can use in the input string, see the 'Format Specifiers' table in the [`printf`](https://www.codecademy.com/resources/docs/c/basic-output/printf) documentation.
+
+> **Note:** `scanf()` does not have any intrinsic validation of the user input. This can cause errors if the user input does not match the format specifiers in the string.
+
+## Example 1
+
+In the following example, the format specifier `%d` tells the function to expect an integer, then assigns it to the variable `yourNumber`:
+
+```c
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int main(void) {
+  int yourNumber;
+
+  printf("Type your favorite number:");
+  scanf("%d", &yourNumber);
+  printf("Your favorite number is: %d", yourNumber);
+}
+```
+
+If the user typed in `3`, the output would be:
+
+```shell
+Your favorite number is: 3
+```
+
+## Example 2
+
+Here is another example using two variables:
+
+```c
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int main(void) {
+  int yourNumber;
+  char yourLetter;
+
+  printf("Type your favorite number and letter:");
+  scanf("%d%c", &yourNumber, &yourLetter);
+  printf("Your favorite number is: %d and your favorite letter is: %c", yourNumber, yourLetter);
+}
+```
+
+If the user typed in `4Bh`, the output would be:
+
+```shell
+Type your favorite number and letter:Your favorite number is: 48 and your favorite letter is: h
+```