Add scanf() documentation for C

content/c/concepts/basic-output/terms/scanf/scanf.md

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+---
+Title: 'scanf()'
+Description: 'Reads a user input and assigns it to a variable.'
+Subjects:
+  - 'Code Foundations'
+  - 'Computer Science'
+Tags:
+  - 'Functions'
+  - 'Input'
+CatalogContent:
+  - 'learn-c'
+  - 'paths/computer-science'
+---
+
+The **`scanf()`** (scan formatted string) function reads a user input and then converts that input into a value that it assigns to a variable.
+
+## Syntax
+
+```pseudo
+scanf(string, &variable, &variable2, ..., &variableN)
+```
+
+The `scanf()` function takes a format specifier string as input, along with a variable for each format specifier in the string. The format specifier string acts as a template that the function will use to convert the user input into values for the variables.
+
+For a short list of format specifiers you can use in the input string, see the 'Format Specifiers' table in the [`printf`](https://www.codecademy.com/resources/docs/c/basic-output/printf) documentation.
+
+> **Note:** `scanf()` does not have any intrinsic validation of the user input. This can cause errors if the user input does not match the format specifiers in the string.
+
+## Examples
+
+In the following example, the format specifier `%d` tells the function to expect an integer, then assigns it to the variable `yourNumber`:
+
+```c
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int main(void) {
+  int yourNumber;
+
+  printf("Type your favorite number:");
+  scanf("%d", &yourNumber);
+  printf("Your favorite number is: %d", yourNumber);
+}
+```
+
+If the user typed in `3`, the output would be:
+
+```shell
+Your favorite number is: 3
+```
+
+Here is another example using two variables:
+
+```c
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int main(void) {
+  int yourNumber;
+  char yourLetter;
+
+  printf("Type your favorite number and letter:");
+  scanf("%d%c", &yourNumber, &yourLetter);
+  printf("Your favorite number is: %d and your favorite letter is: %c", yourNumber, yourLetter);
+}
+```
+
+If the user typed in `4B`, the output would be:
+
+```shell
+Your favorite number is: 4 and your favorite letter is: B
+```