Added _posts/2024-09-08-基于stm32 标准库的 platformIO 工程模板.md

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diff --git a/_posts/2024-09-08-基于stm32 标准库的 platformIO 工程模板.md b/_posts/2024-09-08-基于stm32 标准库的 platformIO 工程模板.md
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+---
+layout: post
+title: "基于stm32 标准库的 platformIO 工程模板"
+author: "Ronan"
+header-style: text
+tags:
+  - docs
+---
+
+> 本教程默认用户已经安装好 vscode 和 platformIO ！！！
+
+# 1.下载官方标准外设库
+
+进入 [ST 官网的嵌入式软件板块](https://www.st.com.cn/zh/embedded-software/stm32-standard-peripheral-libraries.html) ，根据自身板子型号选择，有F0-F4多种型号。
+
+之后根据提示选择下载即可，如果没有意外的话，应该会获得一个类似 **en.stsw-stm32065_v1-9-0.zip(这是 F4 的标准库)** 的压缩包。
+
+# 2.在 platformIO 新建一个 CMSIS 工程
+
+图片1
+
+图片2
+
+工程建立成功之后，应该是下面这样：
+
+```shell
+TT
+├── include
+│   └── README
+├── lib
+│   └── README
+├── platformio.ini
+├── src
+└── test
+    └── README
+```
+
+# 3.导入标准库文件并配置工程
+
+### 3.1导入标准库文件
+
+1.解压从官网下载的标准外设库 **en.stsw-stm32065_v1-9-0.zip** ，获得一个 **STM32F4xx_DSP_StdPeriph_Lib_V1.9.0** 目录
+
+2.在 platformIO 工程的 include 目录中新建一个 main.h：
+
+```shell
+#include "stm32f4xx.h"
+```
+
+包含头文件根据开发板型号而定。
+
+3.打开 `.../STM32F4xx_DSP_StdPeriph_Lib_V1.9.0/Libraries/CMSIS/Device/ST/STM32F4xx/Include` ，将其中的 `stm32f4xx.h` 、`system_stm32f4xx.h`复制到 platform 工程的 include 目录下。
+
+4.打开`.../STM32F4xx_DSP_StdPeriph_Lib_V1.9.0/Project/STM32F4xx_StdPeriph_Examples/ADC/ADC_DMA`，（如果没有 ADC 工程，随便找一个例程即可）将其中的`stm32f4xx_it.h`、`stm32f4xx_conf.h`复制到 platform 工程的 include 目录下；将`stm32f4xx_it.c`复制到 platform 工程的 src 目录中。
+
+5.将`.../STM32F4xx_DSP_StdPeriph_Lib_V1.9.0/Libraries/STM32F4xx_StdPeriph_Driver`整个目录复制到 platform 工程的 src 目录中。
+
+最后，不出意外你会获得以下工程：
+
+```shell
+├── include
+│   ├── README
+│   ├── main.h
+│   ├── stm32f4xx.h
+│   ├── stm32f4xx_conf.h
+│   ├── stm32f4xx_it.h
+│   └── system_stm32f4xx.h
+├── lib
+│   └── README
+├── platformio.ini
+├── src
+│   ├── STM32F4xx_StdPeriph_Driver
+│   │   ├── inc
+│   │   │   ├── .......
+│   │   └── src
+│   │       ├── .......
+│   ├── main.c
+│   └── stm32f4xx_it.c
+└── test
+    └── README
+```
+
+### 3.2配置 platform.ini
+
+打开工程根目录下的 platform.ini 文件，初始版本应该是：
+
+```ini
+[env:black_f407ze]
+platform = ststm32
+board = black_f407ze
+framework = cmsis
+```
+
+我们需要添加几项设置（有能力的可自行配置，小白照抄即可），所以最终版 ini 文件是：
+
+```ini
+; PlatformIO Project Configuration File
+;
+;   Build options: build flags, source filter
+;   Upload options: custom upload port, speed and extra flags
+;   Library options: dependencies, extra library storages
+;   Advanced options: extra scripting
+;
+; Please visit documentation for the other options and examples
+; https://docs.platformio.org/page/projectconf.html
+
+[env:black_f407ze]
+platform = ststm32
+board = black_f407ze
+framework = cmsis
+
+; 这里配置调试方式是 jlink
+upload_protocol = jlink
+
+; 这里配置头文件搜索路径，后面的 —D 则是全局定义一些配置，具体可以在 stm32f4xx.h 查询，这里照抄即可，有能力的可以自行配置
+build_flags = -Iinclude -Isrc/STM32F4xx_StdPeriph_Driver/inc -D USE_STDPERIPH_DRIVER -D STM32F40XX
+```
+
+# 4.问题解决
+
+### 4.1常见问题
+
+然后我们兴致勃勃地点击 **编译 build** ，不出意外，你会收到以下错误：
+
+```shell
+compiling stm32f4xx_fmc.c...
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(144): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_Bank1" is undefined
+      FMC_Bank1->BTCR[FMC_Bank] = 0x000030DB;
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(149): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_Bank1" is undefined
+      FMC_Bank1->BTCR[FMC_Bank] = 0x000030D2;
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(151): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_Bank1" is undefined
+    FMC_Bank1->BTCR[FMC_Bank + 1] = 0x0FFFFFFF;
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(152): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_Bank1E" is undefined
+    FMC_Bank1E->BWTR[FMC_Bank] = 0x0FFFFFFF;
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(191): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_Bank1" is undefined
+    tmpbcr = FMC_Bank1->BTCR[FMC_NORSRAMInitStruct->FMC_Bank];
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(195): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_BCR1_MBKEN" is undefined
+    tmpbcr &= ((uint32_t)~(FMC_BCR1_MBKEN   | FMC_BCR1_MUXEN    | FMC_BCR1_MTYP     | \
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(195): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_BCR1_MUXEN" is undefined
+    tmpbcr &= ((uint32_t)~(FMC_BCR1_MBKEN   | FMC_BCR1_MUXEN    | FMC_BCR1_MTYP     | \
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(195): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_BCR1_MTYP" is undefined
+    tmpbcr &= ((uint32_t)~(FMC_BCR1_MBKEN   | FMC_BCR1_MUXEN    | FMC_BCR1_MTYP     | \
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(196): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_BCR1_MWID" is undefined
+                           FMC_BCR1_MWID     | FMC_BCR1_FACCEN   | FMC_BCR1_BURSTEN  | \
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(196): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_BCR1_FACCEN" is undefined
+                           FMC_BCR1_MWID     | FMC_BCR1_FACCEN   | FMC_BCR1_BURSTEN  | \
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(196): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_BCR1_BURSTEN" is undefined
+                           FMC_BCR1_MWID     | FMC_BCR1_FACCEN   | FMC_BCR1_BURSTEN  | \
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(197): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_BCR1_WAITPOL" is undefined
+                           FMC_BCR1_WAITPOL  | FMC_BCR1_WRAPMOD  | FMC_BCR1_WAITCFG  | \
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(197): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_BCR1_WRAPMOD" is undefined
+                           FMC_BCR1_WAITPOL  | FMC_BCR1_WRAPMOD  | FMC_BCR1_WAITCFG  | \
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(197): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_BCR1_WAITCFG" is undefined
+                           FMC_BCR1_WAITPOL  | FMC_BCR1_WRAPMOD  | FMC_BCR1_WAITCFG  | \
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(198): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_BCR1_WREN" is undefined
+                           FMC_BCR1_WREN     | FMC_BCR1_WAITEN   | FMC_BCR1_EXTMOD   | \
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(198): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_BCR1_WAITEN" is undefined
+                           FMC_BCR1_WREN     | FMC_BCR1_WAITEN   | FMC_BCR1_EXTMOD   | \
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(198): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_BCR1_EXTMOD" is undefined
+                           FMC_BCR1_WREN     | FMC_BCR1_WAITEN   | FMC_BCR1_EXTMOD   | \
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(199): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_BCR1_ASYNCWAIT" is undefined
+                           FMC_BCR1_ASYNCWAIT| FMC_BCR1_CBURSTRW | FMC_BCR1_CCLKEN));
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(199): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_BCR1_CBURSTRW" is undefined
+                           FMC_BCR1_ASYNCWAIT| FMC_BCR1_CBURSTRW | FMC_BCR1_CCLKEN));
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(199): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_BCR1_CCLKEN" is undefined
+                           FMC_BCR1_ASYNCWAIT| FMC_BCR1_CBURSTRW | FMC_BCR1_CCLKEN));
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(253): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_Bank1E" is undefined
+      tmpbwr = FMC_Bank1E->BWTR[FMC_NORSRAMInitStruct->FMC_Bank];
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(256): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_BWTR1_ADDSET" is undefined
+      tmpbwr &= ((uint32_t)~(FMC_BWTR1_ADDSET  | FMC_BWTR1_ADDHLD | FMC_BWTR1_DATAST | \
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(256): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_BWTR1_ADDHLD" is undefined
+      tmpbwr &= ((uint32_t)~(FMC_BWTR1_ADDSET  | FMC_BWTR1_ADDHLD | FMC_BWTR1_DATAST | \
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(256): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_BWTR1_DATAST" is undefined
+      tmpbwr &= ((uint32_t)~(FMC_BWTR1_ADDSET  | FMC_BWTR1_ADDHLD | FMC_BWTR1_DATAST | \
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(257): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_BWTR1_BUSTURN" is undefined
+                             FMC_BWTR1_BUSTURN | FMC_BWTR1_ACCMOD));
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(257): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_BWTR1_ACCMOD" is undefined
+                             FMC_BWTR1_BUSTURN | FMC_BWTR1_ACCMOD));
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(269): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_Bank1E" is undefined
+      FMC_Bank1E->BWTR[FMC_NORSRAMInitStruct->FMC_Bank] = 0x0FFFFFFF;
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(321): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_Bank1" is undefined
+      FMC_Bank1->BTCR[FMC_Bank] |= BCR_MBKEN_SET;
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(326): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_Bank1" is undefined
+      FMC_Bank1->BTCR[FMC_Bank] &= BCR_MBKEN_RESET;
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c(394): error:  #20: identifier "FMC_Bank2" is undefined
+      FMC_Bank2->PCR2 = 0x00000018;
+..\..\CodeFile\Bsp\stm32f4xx_fmc.c: 0 warnings, 30 errors
+compiling stm32f4xx_fsmc.c...
+
+```
+
+- 原因：
+  stm32f4xx_fmc.c是固件库中的一个外设，仅作用于STM32F429_439xx、STM32F446xx、STM32F469_479xx、STM32F427_437xx系列的芯片，（本例中是使用的是 STM32F407ZE，不在该范围内，所以不需要引用这个文件）如果不是这些芯片的话将不会引用stm32f4xx_fmc.h这个头文件，也就产生了宏没有定义的问题。
+- 解决方法：
+  将 `TT/src/STM32F4xx_StdPeriph_Driver/src/stm32f4xx_fmc.c` 文件删除，然后依次点击 clean -> build
+
+### 4.2不怎么常见的问题（未按本教程操作）
+
+有些网络教程会让你把 system\_stm32f4xx.c 也放到工程的 src 目录中，然后你就会遇到：
+
+```shell
+Verbose mode can be enabled via `-v, --verbose` option
+CONFIGURATION: https://docs.platformio.org/page/boards/ststm32/genericSTM32F103ZE.html
+PLATFORM: ST STM32 (8.1.0) > STM32F103ZE (64k RAM. 512k Flash)
+HARDWARE: STM32F103ZET6 72MHz, 64KB RAM, 512KB Flash
+DEBUG: Current (jlink) External (blackmagic, jlink, stlink)
+PACKAGES:
+ - framework-cmsis 2.50501.200527 (5.5.1)
+ - framework-cmsis-stm32f1 4.3.1
+ - tool-ldscripts-ststm32 0.1.0
+ - toolchain-gccarmnoneeabi 1.70201.0 (7.2.1)
+LDF: Library Dependency Finder -> http://bit.ly/configure-pio-ldf
+LDF Modes: Finder ~ chain, Compatibility ~ soft
+Found 0 compatible libraries
+Scanning dependencies...
+No dependencies
+Building in debug mode
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/FrameworkCMSIS/gcc/startup_stm32f103xe.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/FrameworkCMSIS/system_stm32f1xx.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/CORE/core_cm3.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/HARDWARE/LED/led.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/STM32F10x_FWLib/src/misc.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/STM32F10x_FWLib/src/stm32f10x_adc.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/STM32F10x_FWLib/src/stm32f10x_bkp.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/STM32F10x_FWLib/src/stm32f10x_can.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/STM32F10x_FWLib/src/stm32f10x_cec.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/STM32F10x_FWLib/src/stm32f10x_crc.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/STM32F10x_FWLib/src/stm32f10x_dac.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/STM32F10x_FWLib/src/stm32f10x_dbgmcu.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/STM32F10x_FWLib/src/stm32f10x_dma.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/STM32F10x_FWLib/src/stm32f10x_exti.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/STM32F10x_FWLib/src/stm32f10x_flash.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/STM32F10x_FWLib/src/stm32f10x_fsmc.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/STM32F10x_FWLib/src/stm32f10x_gpio.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/STM32F10x_FWLib/src/stm32f10x_i2c.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/STM32F10x_FWLib/src/stm32f10x_iwdg.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/STM32F10x_FWLib/src/stm32f10x_pwr.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/STM32F10x_FWLib/src/stm32f10x_rcc.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/STM32F10x_FWLib/src/stm32f10x_rtc.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/STM32F10x_FWLib/src/stm32f10x_sdio.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/STM32F10x_FWLib/src/stm32f10x_spi.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/STM32F10x_FWLib/src/stm32f10x_tim.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/STM32F10x_FWLib/src/stm32f10x_usart.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/STM32F10x_FWLib/src/stm32f10x_wwdg.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/SYSTEM/delay/delay.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/SYSTEM/sys/sys.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/SYSTEM/usart/usart.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/main.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/stm32f10x_it.o
+Compiling .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/system_stm32f10x.o
+src/SYSTEM/usart/usart.c:38:0: warning: ignoring #pragma import  [-Wunknown-pragmas]
+ #pragma import(__use_no_semihosting)
+
+Linking .pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/firmware.elf
+.pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/system_stm32f10x.o: In function `SystemInit':
+/media/XXX/LINUX2/CLionProjects/untitled2/src/system_stm32f10x.c:213: multiple definition of `SystemInit'
+.pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/FrameworkCMSIS/system_stm32f1xx.o:/home/XXX/.platformio/packages/framework-cmsis-stm32f1/Source/Templates/system_stm32f1xx.c:161: first defined here
+.pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/system_stm32f10x.o: In function `SystemCoreClockUpdate':
+/media/XXX/LINUX2/CLionProjects/untitled2/src/system_stm32f10x.c:319: multiple definition of `SystemCoreClockUpdate'
+.pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/FrameworkCMSIS/system_stm32f1xx.o:/home/XXX/.platformio/packages/framework-cmsis-stm32f1/Source/Templates/system_stm32f1xx.c:260: first defined here
+.pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/system_stm32f10x.o:/media/XXX/LINUX2/CLionProjects/untitled2/src/system_stm32f10x.c:167: multiple definition of `AHBPrescTable'
+.pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/FrameworkCMSIS/system_stm32f1xx.o:(.rodata.AHBPrescTable+0x0): first defined here
+.pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/src/system_stm32f10x.o:(.data.SystemCoreClock+0x0): multiple definition of `SystemCoreClock'
+.pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/FrameworkCMSIS/system_stm32f1xx.o:(.data.SystemCoreClock+0x0): first defined here
+
+
+# 不知道错了什么
+collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
+*** [.pio/build/genericSTM32F103ZE/firmware.elf] Error 1
+ [FAILED] Took 2.61 seconds
+make[3]: *** [CMakeFiles/Debug.dir/build.make:77：CMakeFiles/Debug] 错误 1
+make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:127：CMakeFiles/Debug.dir/all] 错误 2
+make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:134：CMakeFiles/Debug.dir/rule] 错误 2
+make: *** [Makefile:151：Debug] 错误 2
+
+```
+
+- 解决方法：
+  把该文件删除，之后 clean -> bulid