new Vue() 时会调⽤_init()进⾏初始化,会初始化各种实例⽅法、全局⽅法、执⾏⼀些⽣命周期、 初始化props、data等状态。其中最重要的是data的响应化处理。 初始化之后调⽤ $mount 挂载组件,主要执⾏编译和⾸次更新
编译模块分为三个阶段
-
parse:使⽤正则解析template中的vue的指令(v-xxx) 变量等等 形成抽象语法树AST
-
optimize:标记⼀些静态节点,⽤作后⾯的性能优化,在diff的时候直接略过
-
generate:把第⼀部⽣成的AST 转化为渲染函数 render function
Virtual DOM 是react⾸创,Vue2开始⽀持,就是⽤ JavaScript 对象来描述dom结构,数据修改的时候,我们先修改虚拟dom中的数据,然后数组做diff,最后再汇总所有的diff,⼒求做最少的dom操作, 毕竟js⾥对⽐很快,⽽真实的dom操作太慢。
// vdom
{
tag: 'div',
props:{
name:'哈哈',
style:{color:red},
onClick:xx
}
children: [
{
tag: 'a',
text: 'click me'
}
]
}
//真实DOM
<div name="哈哈" style="color:red" @click="xx">
<a>
click me
</a>
</div>
数据修改触发setter,然后监听器会通知进⾏修改,通过对⽐新旧vdom树,得到最⼩修改,就 是 patch ,然后只需要把这些差异修改即可。
function Vue (options) {
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' &&
!(this instanceof Vue)
) {
warn('Vue is a constructor and should be called with the `new` keyword')
}
this._init(options)
}
initMixin(Vue) // 实现上⾯的_init这个初始化⽅法
stateMixin(Vue)
eventsMixin(Vue)
lifecycleMixin(Vue)
renderMixin(Vue)
initLifecycle(vm)
initEvents(vm)
initRender(vm)
callHook(vm, 'beforeCreate')
initInjections(vm) // resolve injections before data/props
initState(vm)
initProvide(vm) // resolve provide after data/props
callHook(vm, 'created')
- initLifecycle: parent,children等
- initEvents:事件监听初始化
- initRender:定义$createElement
- initInjections: 获取注⼊数据并做响应化
- initState:初始化props,methods,data,computed,watch等
- initProvide:注⼊数据处理
watch与dep有可能多对多,需要相互引用。
addDep (dep: Dep) {
const id = dep.id
if (!this.newDepIds.has(id)) {
this.newDepIds.add(id)
this.newDeps.push(dep)
if (!this.depIds.has(id)) {
dep.addSub(this)
}
}
}
异步更新
<span id="s">{{foo}}</span>
s.innerHTML // foo
this.foo = 'bar'
s.innerHTML // foo
this.$nextTick(()=>{
s.innerHTML // bar
})
queueWatcher 将watcher推⼊队列,下个刷新周期执⾏批量任务,这是vue异步更新实现的关键。
queue.push(watcher)
nextTick(flushSchedulerQueue)
nextTick将flushSchedulerQueue加⼊回调数组,启动timerFunc准备执⾏。nextTick后才能拿到数据更新后的DOM,属于微任务队列。
callbacks.push(() => cb.call(ctx))
timerFunc()
timerFunc指定了vue异步执⾏策略,根据执⾏环境,⾸选Promise,备选依次为: MutationObserver、setImmediate、setTimeout。
数组⽐较特别,它的操作⽅法不会触发setter,需要特别处理 Observer 把修改过的数组拦截⽅法替换到当前数组对象上可以改变其⾏为。
if (Array.isArray(value)) {
if (hasProto) {
//数组存在原型就覆盖其原型
protoAugment(value, arrayMethods)
} else {
//不存在就直接定义拦截⽅法
copyAugment(value, arrayMethods, arrayKeys)
}
this.observeArray(value)
}
arrayMethods 修改数组7个变更⽅法使其可以发送更新通知。
methodsToPatch.forEach(function (method) {
// cache original method
const original = arrayProto[method]
def(arrayMethods, method, function mutator (...args) {
//该⽅法默认⾏为
const result = original.apply(this, args)
//得到observer
const ob = this.__ob__
let inserted
switch (method) {
case 'push':
case 'unshift':
inserted = args
break
case 'splice':
inserted = args.slice(2)
break
}
if (inserted) ob.observeArray(inserted)
// 额外的事情是通知更新
ob.dep.notify()
return result
})
})
patch的核⼼diff算法:通过同层的树节点进⾏⽐较⽽⾮对树进⾏逐层搜索遍历的⽅式,所以 时间复杂度只有O(n),是⼀种相当⾼效的算法。 同层级只做三件事:增删改。具体规则是:new VNode不存在就删;old VNode不存在就增;都存在就⽐较类型,类型不同直接替换、类型相同执⾏更新。
return function patch (oldVnode, vnode, hydrating, removeOnly) {
if (isUndef(vnode)) {
if (isDef(oldVnode)) invokeDestroyHook(oldVnode)
return
}
let isInitialPatch = false
const insertedVnodeQueue = []
if (isUndef(oldVnode)) {
// empty mount (likely as component), create new root element
/*oldVnode不存在则创建新节点*/
isInitialPatch = true
createElm(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)
} else {
/*oldVnode有nodeType,说明传递进来⼀个DOM元素*/
const isRealElement = isDef(oldVnode.nodeType)
if (!isRealElement && sameVnode(oldVnode, vnode)) {
// patch existing root node
/*是组件且是同⼀个节点的时候打补丁*/
patchVnode(oldVnode, vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, null, null, removeOnly)
} else {
/*传递进来oldVnode是dom元素*/
if (isRealElement) {
// mounting to a real element
// check if this is server-rendered content and if we can perform
// a successful hydration.
if (oldVnode.nodeType === 1 && oldVnode.hasAttribute(SSR_ATTR)) {
oldVnode.removeAttribute(SSR_ATTR)
hydrating = true
}
if (isTrue(hydrating)) {
if (hydrate(oldVnode, vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)) {
invokeInsertHook(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, true)
return oldVnode
} else if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
warn(
'The client-side rendered virtual DOM tree is not matching ' +
'server-rendered content. This is likely caused by incorrect ' +
'HTML markup, for example nesting block-level elements inside ' +
'<p>, or missing <tbody>. Bailing hydration and performing ' +
'full client-side render.'
)
}
}
// either not server-rendered, or hydration failed.
// create an empty node and replace it
// 将该dom元素清空
oldVnode = emptyNodeAt(oldVnode)
}
// replacing existing element
const oldElm = oldVnode.elm
const parentElm = nodeOps.parentNode(oldElm)
// create new node
createElm(
vnode,
insertedVnodeQueue,
// extremely rare edge case: do not insert if old element is in a
// leaving transition. Only happens when combining transition +
// keep-alive + HOCs. (#4590)
oldElm._leaveCb ? null : parentElm,
nodeOps.nextSibling(oldElm)
)
// update parent placeholder node element, recursively
if (isDef(vnode.parent)) {
let ancestor = vnode.parent
const patchable = isPatchable(vnode)
while (ancestor) {
for (let i = 0; i < cbs.destroy.length; ++i) {
cbs.destroy[i](ancestor)
}
ancestor.elm = vnode.elm
if (patchable) {
for (let i = 0; i < cbs.create.length; ++i) {
cbs.create[i](emptyNode, ancestor)
}
// #6513
// invoke insert hooks that may have been merged by create hooks.
// e.g. for directives that uses the "inserted" hook.
const insert = ancestor.data.hook.insert
if (insert.merged) {
// start at index 1 to avoid re-invoking component mounted hook
for (let i = 1; i < insert.fns.length; i++) {
insert.fns[i]()
}
}
} else {
registerRef(ancestor)
}
ancestor = ancestor.parent
}
}
// destroy old node
if (isDef(parentElm)) {
removeVnodes([oldVnode], 0, 0)
} else if (isDef(oldVnode.tag)) {
invokeDestroyHook(oldVnode)
}
}
}
invokeInsertHook(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, isInitialPatch)
return vnode.elm
}