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Nuclei is used to send requests across targets based on a template, leading to zero false positives and providing fast scanning on a large number of hosts. Nuclei offers scanning for a variety of protocols, including TCP, DNS, HTTP, SSL, File, Whois, Websocket, Headless etc. With powerful and flexible templating, Nuclei can be used to model all kinds of security checks.
We have a dedicated repository that houses various type of vulnerability templates contributed by more than 300 security researchers and engineers.
Nuclei requires go1.18 to install successfully. Run the following command to install the latest version -
go install -v github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei/v2/cmd/nuclei@latestMore installation methods can be found here.
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Nuclei has built-in support for automatic template download/update as default since version v2.5.2. Nuclei-Templates project provides a community-contributed list of ready-to-use templates that is constantly updated. You may still use the The YAML DSL reference syntax is available here. |
nuclei -hThis will display help for the tool. Here are all the switches it supports.
Nuclei is a fast, template based vulnerability scanner focusing
on extensive configurability, massive extensibility and ease of use.
Usage:
./nuclei [flags]
Flags:
TARGET:
-u, -target string[] target URLs/hosts to scan
-l, -list string path to file containing a list of target URLs/hosts to scan (one per line)
-resume string resume scan using resume.cfg (clustering will be disabled)
-sa, -scan-all-ips scan all the IPs associated with dns record
-iv, -ip-version string[] IP version to scan of hostname (4,6) - (default 4)
TEMPLATES:
-nt, -new-templates run only new templates added in latest nuclei-templates release
-ntv, -new-templates-version string[] run new templates added in specific version
-as, -automatic-scan automatic web scan using wappalyzer technology detection to tags mapping
-t, -templates string[] list of template or template directory to run (comma-separated, file)
-tu, -template-url string[] list of template urls to run (comma-separated, file)
-w, -workflows string[] list of workflow or workflow directory to run (comma-separated, file)
-wu, -workflow-url string[] list of workflow urls to run (comma-separated, file)
-validate validate the passed templates to nuclei
-nss, -no-strict-syntax disable strict syntax check on templates
-td, -template-display displays the templates content
-tl list all available templates
FILTERING:
-a, -author string[] templates to run based on authors (comma-separated, file)
-tags string[] templates to run based on tags (comma-separated, file)
-etags, -exclude-tags string[] templates to exclude based on tags (comma-separated, file)
-itags, -include-tags string[] tags to be executed even if they are excluded either by default or configuration
-id, -template-id string[] templates to run based on template ids (comma-separated, file)
-eid, -exclude-id string[] templates to exclude based on template ids (comma-separated, file)
-it, -include-templates string[] templates to be executed even if they are excluded either by default or configuration
-et, -exclude-templates string[] template or template directory to exclude (comma-separated, file)
-em, -exclude-matchers string[] template matchers to exclude in result
-s, -severity value[] templates to run based on severity. Possible values: info, low, medium, high, critical, unknown
-es, -exclude-severity value[] templates to exclude based on severity. Possible values: info, low, medium, high, critical, unknown
-pt, -type value[] templates to run based on protocol type. Possible values: dns, file, http, , headless, network, workflow, ssl, websocket, whois
-ept, -exclude-type value[] templates to exclude based on protocol type. Possible values: dns, file, http, , headless, network, workflow, ssl, websocket, whois
-tc, -template-condition string[] templates to run based on expression condition
OUTPUT:
-o, -output string output file to write found issues/vulnerabilities
-sresp, -store-resp store all request/response passed through nuclei to output directory
-srd, -store-resp-dir string store all request/response passed through nuclei to custom directory (default "output")
-silent display findings only
-nc, -no-color disable output content coloring (ANSI escape codes)
-json write output in JSONL(ines) format
-irr, -include-rr include request/response pairs in the JSONL output (for findings only)
-nm, -no-meta disable printing result metadata in cli output
-ts, -timestamp enable printing timestamp in cli output
-rdb, -report-db string nuclei reporting database (always use this to persist report data)
-ms, -matcher-status display match failure status
-me, -markdown-export string directory to export results in markdown format
-se, -sarif-export string file to export results in SARIF format
CONFIGURATIONS:
-config string path to the nuclei configuration file
-fr, -follow-redirects enable following redirects for http templates
-fhr, -follow-host-redirects follow redirects on the same host
-mr, -max-redirects int max number of redirects to follow for http templates (default 10)
-dr, -disable-redirects disable redirects for http templates
-rc, -report-config string nuclei reporting module configuration file
-H, -header string[] custom header/cookie to include in all http request in header:value format (cli, file)
-V, -var value custom vars in key=value format
-r, -resolvers string file containing resolver list for nuclei
-sr, -system-resolvers use system DNS resolving as error fallback
-passive enable passive HTTP response processing mode
-fh2, -force-http2 force http2 connection on requests
-ev, -env-vars enable environment variables to be used in template
-cc, -client-cert string client certificate file (PEM-encoded) used for authenticating against scanned hosts
-ck, -client-key string client key file (PEM-encoded) used for authenticating against scanned hosts
-ca, -client-ca string client certificate authority file (PEM-encoded) used for authenticating against scanned hosts
-sml, -show-match-line show match lines for file templates, works with extractors only
-ztls use ztls library with autofallback to standard one for tls13
-sni string tls sni hostname to use (default: input domain name)
-sandbox sandbox nuclei for safe templates execution
-i, -interface string network interface to use for network scan
-at, -attack-type string type of payload combinations to perform (batteringram,pitchfork,clusterbomb)
-sip, -source-ip string source ip address to use for network scan
-config-directory string override the default config path ($home/.config)
-rsr, -response-size-read int max response size to read in bytes (default 10485760)
-rss, -response-size-save int max response size to save in bytes (default 10485760)
INTERACTSH:
-iserver, -interactsh-server string interactsh server url for self-hosted instance (default: oast.pro,oast.live,oast.site,oast.online,oast.fun,oast.me)
-itoken, -interactsh-token string authentication token for self-hosted interactsh server
-interactions-cache-size int number of requests to keep in the interactions cache (default 5000)
-interactions-eviction int number of seconds to wait before evicting requests from cache (default 60)
-interactions-poll-duration int number of seconds to wait before each interaction poll request (default 5)
-interactions-cooldown-period int extra time for interaction polling before exiting (default 5)
-ni, -no-interactsh disable interactsh server for OAST testing, exclude OAST based templates
UNCOVER:
-uc, -uncover enable uncover engine
-uq, -uncover-query string[] uncover search query
-ue, -uncover-engine string[] uncover search engine (shodan,shodan-idb,fofa,censys,quake,hunter,zoomeye,netlas) (default shodan)
-uf, -uncover-field string uncover fields to return (ip,port,host) (default "ip:port")
-ul, -uncover-limit int uncover results to return (default 100)
-ucd, -uncover-delay int delay between uncover query requests in seconds (0 to disable) (default 1)
RATE-LIMIT:
-rl, -rate-limit int maximum number of requests to send per second (default 150)
-rlm, -rate-limit-minute int maximum number of requests to send per minute
-bs, -bulk-size int maximum number of hosts to be analyzed in parallel per template (default 25)
-c, -concurrency int maximum number of templates to be executed in parallel (default 25)
-hbs, -headless-bulk-size int maximum number of headless hosts to be analyzed in parallel per template (default 10)
-headc, -headless-concurrency int maximum number of headless templates to be executed in parallel (default 10)
OPTIMIZATIONS:
-timeout int time to wait in seconds before timeout (default 10)
-retries int number of times to retry a failed request (default 1)
-ldp, -leave-default-ports leave default HTTP/HTTPS ports (eg. host:80,host:443)
-mhe, -max-host-error int max errors for a host before skipping from scan (default 30)
-project use a project folder to avoid sending same request multiple times
-project-path string set a specific project path
-spm, -stop-at-first-match stop processing HTTP requests after the first match (may break template/workflow logic)
-stream stream mode - start elaborating without sorting the input
-irt, -input-read-timeout duration timeout on input read (default 3m0s)
-nh, -no-httpx disable httpx probing for non-url input
-no-stdin disable stdin processing
HEADLESS:
-headless enable templates that require headless browser support (root user on Linux will disable sandbox)
-page-timeout int seconds to wait for each page in headless mode (default 20)
-sb, -show-browser show the browser on the screen when running templates with headless mode
-sc, -system-chrome use local installed Chrome browser instead of nuclei installed
-lha, -list-headless-action list available headless actions
DEBUG:
-debug show all requests and responses
-dreq, -debug-req show all sent requests
-dresp, -debug-resp show all received responses
-p, -proxy string[] list of http/socks5 proxy to use (comma separated or file input)
-pi, -proxy-internal proxy all internal requests
-ldf, -list-dsl-function list all supported DSL function signatures
-tlog, -trace-log string file to write sent requests trace log
-elog, -error-log string file to write sent requests error log
-version show nuclei version
-hm, -hang-monitor enable nuclei hang monitoring
-v, -verbose show verbose output
-profile-mem string optional nuclei memory profile dump file
-vv display templates loaded for scan
-svd, -show-var-dump show variables dump for debugging
-ep, -enable-pprof enable pprof debugging server
-tv, -templates-version shows the version of the installed nuclei-templates
-hc, -health-check run diagnostic check up
UPDATE:
-un, -update update nuclei engine to the latest released version
-ut, -update-templates update nuclei-templates to latest released version
-ud, -update-template-dir string custom directory to install / update nuclei-templates
-duc, -disable-update-check disable automatic nuclei/templates update check
STATISTICS:
-stats display statistics about the running scan
-sj, -stats-json write statistics data to an output file in JSONL(ines) format
-si, -stats-interval int number of seconds to wait between showing a statistics update (default 5)
-m, -metrics expose nuclei metrics on a port
-mp, -metrics-port int port to expose nuclei metrics on (default 9092)Scanning target domain with community-curated nuclei templates.
nuclei -u https://example.comScanning target URLs with community-curated nuclei templates.
nuclei -list urls.txtExample of urls.txt:
http://example.com
http://app.example.com
http://test.example.com
http://uat.example.comMore detailed examples of running nuclei can be found here.
Nuclei offers great number of features that are helpful for security engineers to customise workflow in their organisation. With the varieties of scan capabilities (like DNS, HTTP, TCP), security engineers can easily create their suite of custom checks with Nuclei.
- Varieties of protocols supported: TCP, DNS, HTTP, File, etc
- Achieve complex vulnerability steps with workflows and dynamic requests.
- Easy to integrate into CI/CD, designed to be easily integrated into regression cycle to actively check the fix and re-appearance of vulnerability.
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For Bug Bounty hunters: Nuclei allows you to customise your testing approach with your own suite of checks and easily run across your bug bounty programs. Moreover, Nuclei can be easily integrated into any continuous scanning workflow.
Please check our other open-source projects that might fit into your bug bounty workflow: github.com/projectdiscovery, we also host daily refresh of DNS data at Chaos. |
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For Penetration Testers: Nuclei immensely improve how you approach security assessment by augmenting the manual, repetitive processes. Consultancies are already converting their manual assessment steps with Nuclei, it allows them to run set of their custom assessment approach across thousands of hosts in an automated manner. Pen-testers get the full power of our public templates and customization capabilities to speed up their assessment process, and specifically with the regression cycle where you can easily verify the fix. |
Nuclei is built with simplicity in mind, with the community backed templates by hundreds of security researchers, it allows you to stay updated with the latest security threats using continuous Nuclei scanning on the hosts. It is designed to be easily integrated into regression tests cycle, to verify the fixes and eliminate vulnerabilities from occurring in the future.
- CI/CD: Engineers are already utilising Nuclei within their CI/CD pipeline, it allows them to constantly monitor their staging and production environments with customised templates.
- Continuous Regression Cycle: With Nuclei, you can create your custom template on every new identified vulnerability and put into Nuclei engine to eliminate in the continuous regression cycle.
We have a discussion thread around this, there are already some bug bounty programs giving incentives to hackers on writing nuclei templates with every submission, that helps them to eliminate the vulnerability across all their assets, as well as to eliminate future risk in reappearing on productions. If you're interested in implementing it in your organisation, feel free to reach out to us. We will be more than happy to help you in the getting started process, or you can also post into the discussion thread for any help.
An example of using Nuclei From Go Code to run templates on targets is provided below.
package main
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"log"
"os"
"path"
"time"
"github.com/logrusorgru/aurora"
"github.com/projectdiscovery/goflags"
"github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei/v2/pkg/catalog/config"
"github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei/v2/pkg/catalog/disk"
"github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei/v2/pkg/catalog/loader"
"github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei/v2/pkg/core"
"github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei/v2/pkg/core/inputs"
"github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei/v2/pkg/output"
"github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei/v2/pkg/parsers"
"github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei/v2/pkg/protocols"
"github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei/v2/pkg/protocols/common/hosterrorscache"
"github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei/v2/pkg/protocols/common/interactsh"
"github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei/v2/pkg/protocols/common/protocolinit"
"github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei/v2/pkg/protocols/common/protocolstate"
"github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei/v2/pkg/reporting"
"github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei/v2/pkg/testutils"
"github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei/v2/pkg/types"
"github.com/projectdiscovery/ratelimit"
)
func main() {
cache := hosterrorscache.New(30, hosterrorscache.DefaultMaxHostsCount)
defer cache.Close()
mockProgress := &testutils.MockProgressClient{}
reportingClient, _ := reporting.New(&reporting.Options{}, "")
defer reportingClient.Close()
outputWriter := testutils.NewMockOutputWriter()
outputWriter.WriteCallback = func(event *output.ResultEvent) {
fmt.Printf("Got Result: %v\n", event)
}
defaultOpts := types.DefaultOptions()
protocolstate.Init(defaultOpts)
protocolinit.Init(defaultOpts)
defaultOpts.Templates = goflags.StringSlice{"dns/cname-service.yaml"}
defaultOpts.ExcludeTags = config.ReadIgnoreFile().Tags
interactOpts := interactsh.NewDefaultOptions(outputWriter, reportingClient, mockProgress)
interactClient, err := interactsh.New(interactOpts)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("Could not create interact client: %s\n", err)
}
defer interactClient.Close()
home, _ := os.UserHomeDir()
catalog := disk.NewCatalog(path.Join(home, "nuclei-templates"))
executerOpts := protocols.ExecuterOptions{
Output: outputWriter,
Options: defaultOpts,
Progress: mockProgress,
Catalog: catalog,
IssuesClient: reportingClient,
RateLimiter: ratelimit.New(context.Background(), 150, time.Second),
Interactsh: interactClient,
HostErrorsCache: cache,
Colorizer: aurora.NewAurora(true),
ResumeCfg: types.NewResumeCfg(),
}
engine := core.New(defaultOpts)
engine.SetExecuterOptions(executerOpts)
workflowLoader, err := parsers.NewLoader(&executerOpts)
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("Could not create workflow loader: %s\n", err)
}
executerOpts.WorkflowLoader = workflowLoader
configObject, err := config.ReadConfiguration()
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("Could not read config: %s\n", err)
}
store, err := loader.New(loader.NewConfig(defaultOpts, configObject, catalog, executerOpts))
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("Could not create loader client: %s\n", err)
}
store.Load()
input := &inputs.SimpleInputProvider{Inputs: []string{"docs.hackerone.com"}}
_ = engine.Execute(store.Templates(), input)
engine.WorkPool().Wait() // Wait for the scan to finish
}- Finding bugs with Nuclei with PinkDraconian (Robbe Van Roey) by @PinkDraconian
- Nuclei: Packing a Punch with Vulnerability Scanning by Bishopfox
- The WAF efficacy framework by Fastly
- Scanning Live Web Applications with Nuclei in CI/CD Pipeline by @TristanKalos
- Community Powered Scanning with Nuclei
- Nuclei Unleashed - Quickly write complex exploits
- Nuclei - Fuzz all the things
- Nuclei + Interactsh Integration for Automating OOB Testing
- Weaponizes nuclei Workflows to Pwn All the Things by @dwisiswant0
- How to Scan Continuously with Nuclei? by @dwisiswant0
- Hack with Automation !!! by @DhiyaneshGeek
Thanks to all the amazing community contributors for sending PRs. Do also check out the below similar open-source projects that may fit in your workflow:
FFuF, Qsfuzz, Inception, Snallygaster, Gofingerprint, Sn1per, Google tsunami, Jaeles, ChopChop
Nuclei is distributed under MIT License
