Add ruff linting and pre-commit hooks

[akshaysubr]

Updating linting from flake8 and isort to ruff. This also adds flake8-bandit rules for automatic security testing.

Also fixed some security failures and added fine grained exceptions for the rest. Everything passes now:

❯ make lint
python tests/_license/header_check.py
License check config:
{
    "copyright_file": "header.txt",
    "dir": "../../",
    "exclude-dir": [
        "../../build/",
        "../../docs/",
        "../../earth2grid/third_party",
        "."
    ],
    "include-ext": [
        ".py"
    ]
}
Success: File headers of 16 files look good!
pre-commit run --all-files
[INFO] Installing environment for https://github.com/Lucas-C/pre-commit-hooks.
[INFO] Once installed this environment will be reused.
[INFO] This may take a few minutes...
[INFO] Installing environment for https://github.com/psf/black.
[INFO] Once installed this environment will be reused.
[INFO] This may take a few minutes...
[INFO] Installing environment for https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy.
[INFO] Once installed this environment will be reused.
[INFO] This may take a few minutes...
CRLF end-lines checker...................................................Passed
CRLF end-lines remover...................................................Passed
Trim Trailing Whitespace.................................................Passed
Fix End of Files.........................................................Passed
Check for merge conflicts................................................Passed
Check Yaml...............................................................Passed
black....................................................................Passed
mypy.....................................................................Passed
ruff.....................................................................Passed