i.svm: Add LIBSVM-based image classification (#2189)

Two modules – i.svm.train and i.svm.predict – provide a supervised raster imagery classification workflow. Both modules utilize LIBSVM to perform actual classification. Modules are designed to mimic existing classification modules e.g. by providing similar parameter names.

Thanks to @wenzeslaus and @nilason for helpful feedback.

configure

@@ -679,6 +679,9 @@ CAIROLIB
 CAIROINC
 CAIRO_HAS_XRENDER_SURFACE
 CAIRO_HAS_XRENDER
+USE_LIBSVM
+LIBSVM_LIB
+LIBSVM_INC
 LAPACKINC
 LAPACKLIB
 BLASINC
@@ -902,6 +905,7 @@ with_odbc
 with_fftw
 with_blas
 with_lapack
+with_libsvm
 with_cairo
 with_freetype
 with_nls
@@ -948,6 +952,8 @@ with_blas_includes
 with_blas_libs
 with_lapack_includes
 with_lapack_libs
+with_libsvm_includes
+with_libsvm_libs
 with_cairo_includes
 with_cairo_libs
 with_cairo_ldflags
@@ -1634,6 +1640,7 @@ Optional Packages:
   --with-fftw             support FFTW functionality (default: yes)
   --with-blas             support BLAS functionality (default: no)
   --with-lapack           support LAPACK functionality (default: no)
+  --with-libsvm           support LIBSVM functionality (default: no)
   --with-cairo            support Cairo functionality (default: yes)
   --with-freetype         support FreeType functionality (default: yes)
   --with-nls              support NLS functionality (default: no)
@@ -1709,6 +1716,9 @@ Optional Packages:
   --with-lapack-includes=DIRS
                           LAPACK include files are in DIRS
   --with-lapack-libs=DIRS LAPACK library files are in DIRS
+  --with-libsvm-includes=DIRS
+                          LIBSVM include files are in DIRS
+  --with-libsvm-libs=DIRS LIBSVM library files are in DIRS
   --with-cairo-includes=DIRS
                           cairo include files are in DIRS
   --with-cairo-libs=DIRS  cairo library files are in DIRS
@@ -5468,6 +5478,17 @@ fi
 
 
 
+# Check whether --with-libsvm was given.
+if test ${with_libsvm+y}
+then :
+  withval=$with_libsvm;
+else $as_nop
+  with_libsvm=no
+fi
+
+
+
+
 # Check whether --with-cairo was given.
 if test ${with_cairo+y}
 then :
@@ -5921,6 +5942,25 @@ fi
 
 
 
+# Check whether --with-libsvm-includes was given.
+if test ${with_libsvm_includes+y}
+then :
+  withval=$with_libsvm_includes;
+fi
+
+
+
+
+# Check whether --with-libsvm-libs was given.
+if test ${with_libsvm_libs+y}
+then :
+  withval=$with_libsvm_libs;
+fi
+
+
+
+
+
 # Check whether --with-cairo-includes was given.
 if test ${with_cairo_includes+y}
 then :
@@ -14519,6 +14559,165 @@ fi # $USE_BLAS
 
 # Done checking LAPACK
 
+# libsvm option
+LIBSVM_INC=
+LIBSVM_LIB=
+USE_LIBSVM=
+
+
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking whether to use LIBSVM" >&5
+printf %s "checking whether to use LIBSVM... " >&6; }
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: \"$with_libsvm\"" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "\"$with_libsvm\"" >&6; }
+case "$with_libsvm" in
+	"no")	USE_LIBSVM=	;;
+	"yes")	USE_LIBSVM="1"	;;
+	*)	as_fn_error $? "*** You must answer yes or no." "$LINENO" 5	;;
+esac
+
+
+
+if test -n "$USE_LIBSVM"; then
+
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for location of LIBSVM includes" >&5
+printf %s "checking for location of LIBSVM includes... " >&6; }
+case "$with_libsvm_includes" in
+y | ye | yes | n | no)
+	as_fn_error $? "*** You must supply a directory to --with-libsvm-includes." "$LINENO" 5
+	;;
+esac
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $with_libsvm_includes" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$with_libsvm_includes" >&6; }
+
+if test -n "$with_libsvm_includes" ; then
+    for dir in $with_libsvm_includes; do
+        if test -d "$dir"; then
+            LIBSVM_INC="$LIBSVM_INC -I$dir"
+        else
+            as_fn_error $? "*** LIBSVM includes directory $dir does not exist." "$LINENO" 5
+        fi
+    done
+fi
+
+
+ac_save_cppflags="$CPPFLAGS"
+CPPFLAGS="$LIBSVM_INC $CPPFLAGS"
+       for ac_header in svm.h
+do :
+  ac_fn_c_check_header_compile "$LINENO" "svm.h" "ac_cv_header_svm_h" "$ac_includes_default"
+if test "x$ac_cv_header_svm_h" = xyes
+then :
+  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_SVM_H 1" >>confdefs.h
+
+else $as_nop
+
+ac_save_cppflags="$CPPFLAGS"
+CPPFLAGS="$LIBSVM_INC $CPPFLAGS"
+       for ac_header in libsvm/svm.h
+do :
+  ac_fn_c_check_header_compile "$LINENO" "libsvm/svm.h" "ac_cv_header_libsvm_svm_h" "$ac_includes_default"
+if test "x$ac_cv_header_libsvm_svm_h" = xyes
+then :
+  printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_LIBSVM_SVM_H 1" >>confdefs.h
+
+else $as_nop
+
+    as_fn_error $? "*** Unable to locate LIBSVM includes." "$LINENO" 5
+
+fi
+
+done
+CPPFLAGS=$ac_save_cppflags
+
+
+fi
+
+done
+CPPFLAGS=$ac_save_cppflags
+
+
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for location of libsvm library" >&5
+printf %s "checking for location of libsvm library... " >&6; }
+case "$with_libsvm_libs" in
+y | ye | yes | n | no)
+	as_fn_error $? "*** You must supply a directory to --with-libsvm-libs." "$LINENO" 5
+	;;
+esac
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $with_libsvm_libs" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$with_libsvm_libs" >&6; }
+
+if test -n "$with_libsvm_libs"; then
+    for dir in $with_libsvm_libs; do
+        if test -d "$dir"; then
+            LIBSVM_LIB="$LIBSVM_LIB -L$dir"
+        else
+            as_fn_error $? "*** libsvm library directory $dir does not exist." "$LINENO" 5
+        fi
+    done
+fi
+
+
+ac_save_ldflags="$LDFLAGS"
+LDFLAGS="$LIBSVM_LIB $LDFLAGS"
+
+
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for svm_load_model in -lsvm" >&5
+printf %s "checking for svm_load_model in -lsvm... " >&6; }
+
+ac_check_lib_save_LIBS=$LIBS
+LIBS="-lsvm  $LIBS"
+cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
+/* end confdefs.h.  */
+
+/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
+   Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
+   builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply.  */
+char svm_load_model ();
+int
+main (void)
+{
+return svm_load_model ();
+  ;
+  return 0;
+}
+_ACEOF
+if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"
+then :
+  ac_cv_lib_svm_svm_load_model=yes
+else $as_nop
+  ac_cv_lib_svm_svm_load_model=no
+fi
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest.beam \
+    conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
+LIBS=$ac_check_lib_save_LIBS
+{ printf "%s\n" "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $ac_cv_lib_svm_svm_load_model" >&5
+printf "%s\n" "$ac_cv_lib_svm_svm_load_model" >&6; }
+if test "x$ac_cv_lib_svm_svm_load_model" = xyes
+then :
+  LIBSVM_LIB="$LIBSVM_LIB -lsvm "
+else $as_nop
+
+LDFLAGS=${ac_save_ldflags}
+
+    as_fn_error $? "*** Unable to locate LIBSVM library." "$LINENO" 5
+
+
+fi
+
+
+
+LDFLAGS=${ac_save_ldflags}
+
+
+printf "%s\n" "#define HAVE_LIBSVM 1" >>confdefs.h
+
+fi
+
+
+
+
+# Done with LIBSVM
+
 # Enable Cairo display driver option
 
 
@@ -17436,6 +17635,8 @@ echo "  Large File support (LFS):   `if test -n "${USE_LARGEFILES}" ; then echo
 
 echo "  libLAS support:             `if test -n "${USE_LIBLAS}" ; then echo yes ; else echo no ; fi`"
 
+echo "  LIBSVM support:             `if test -n "${USE_LIBSVM}" ; then echo yes ; else echo no ; fi`"
+
 echo "  MySQL support:              `if test -n "${USE_MYSQL}" ; then echo yes ; else echo no ; fi`"
 
 echo "  NetCDF support:             `if test -n "${USE_NETCDF}" ; then echo yes ; else echo no ; fi`"

configure.ac

@@ -296,6 +296,7 @@ LOC_ARG_WITH(odbc, ODBC, no)
 LOC_ARG_WITH(fftw, FFTW)
 LOC_ARG_WITH(blas, BLAS, no)
 LOC_ARG_WITH(lapack, LAPACK, no)
+LOC_ARG_WITH(libsvm, LIBSVM, no)
 LOC_ARG_WITH(cairo, Cairo)
 LOC_ARG_WITH(freetype, FreeType)
 LOC_ARG_WITH(nls, NLS, no)
@@ -385,6 +386,9 @@ LOC_ARG_WITH_LIB(blas, BLAS)
 LOC_ARG_WITH_INC(lapack, LAPACK)
 LOC_ARG_WITH_LIB(lapack, LAPACK)
 
+LOC_ARG_WITH_INC(libsvm, LIBSVM)
+LOC_ARG_WITH_LIB(libsvm, LIBSVM)
+
 LOC_ARG_WITH_INC(cairo, cairo)
 LOC_ARG_WITH_LIB(cairo, cairo)
 LOC_ARG_WITH_LDFLAGS(cairo, cairo)
@@ -1696,6 +1700,28 @@ AC_SUBST(LAPACKINC)
 
 # Done checking LAPACK
 
+# libsvm option
+LIBSVM_INC=
+LIBSVM_LIB=
+USE_LIBSVM=
+
+LOC_CHECK_USE(libsvm,LIBSVM,USE_LIBSVM)
+
+if test -n "$USE_LIBSVM"; then
+  LOC_CHECK_INC_PATH(libsvm,LIBSVM,LIBSVM_INC)
+  LOC_CHECK_INCLUDES(svm.h,LIBSVM,$LIBSVM_INC, [
+    LOC_CHECK_INCLUDES(libsvm/svm.h,LIBSVM,$LIBSVM_INC)
+  ])
+  LOC_CHECK_LIB_PATH(libsvm,libsvm,LIBSVM_LIB)
+  LOC_CHECK_LIBS(svm,svm_load_model,LIBSVM,$LIBSVM_LIB,LIBSVM_LIB,,,)
+  AC_DEFINE(HAVE_LIBSVM, 1, [Define to 1 if using LIBSVM.])
+fi
+
+AC_SUBST(LIBSVM_INC)
+AC_SUBST(LIBSVM_LIB)
+AC_SUBST(USE_LIBSVM)
+# Done with LIBSVM
+
 # Enable Cairo display driver option
 
 LOC_CHECK_USE(cairo,Cairo,USE_CAIRO)
@@ -2022,6 +2048,7 @@ LOC_MSG_USE(GEOS support,USE_GEOS)
 LOC_MSG_USE(LAPACK support,USE_LAPACK)
 LOC_MSG_USE(Large File support (LFS), USE_LARGEFILES)
 LOC_MSG_USE(libLAS support,USE_LIBLAS)
+LOC_MSG_USE(LIBSVM support,USE_LIBSVM)
 LOC_MSG_USE(MySQL support,USE_MYSQL)
 LOC_MSG_USE(NetCDF support,USE_NETCDF)
 LOC_MSG_USE(NLS support,USE_NLS)

gui/wxpython/gui_core/gselect.py

@@ -3096,7 +3096,7 @@ def __init__(
     def UpdateItems(self, element):
         """Update list of signature files for given element
 
-        :param str element: signatures/sig or signatures/sigset
+        :param str element: signatures/sig, signatures/sigset or signatures/libsvm
         """
         items = []
         if self.mapsets:
@@ -3120,6 +3120,7 @@ def _append_mapset_signatures(self, mapset, element, items):
             from grass.lib.imagery import (
                 I_SIGFILE_TYPE_SIG,
                 I_SIGFILE_TYPE_SIGSET,
+                I_SIGFILE_TYPE_LIBSVM,
                 I_signatures_list_by_type,
                 I_free_signatures_list,
             )
@@ -3133,6 +3134,8 @@ def _append_mapset_signatures(self, mapset, element, items):
             sig_type = I_SIGFILE_TYPE_SIG
         elif element == "signatures/sigset":
             sig_type = I_SIGFILE_TYPE_SIGSET
+        elif element == "signatures/libsvm":
+            sig_type = I_SIGFILE_TYPE_LIBSVM
         else:
             return
         list_ptr = ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_char_p)
@@ -3151,7 +3154,7 @@ def __init__(
     ):
         super().__init__(parent, id, size=size, **kwargs)
         self.SetName("SignatureTypeSelect")
-        self.SetItems(["sig", "sigset"])
+        self.SetItems(["sig", "sigset", "libsvm"])
 
 
 class SeparatorSelect(wx.ComboBox):

gui/wxpython/xml/toolboxes.xml

@@ -1559,6 +1559,13 @@
         <label>Sequential maximum a posteriori classification (SMAP)</label>
       </module-item>
       <separator/>
+      <module-item name="i.svm.train">
+        <label>Input for supervised SVM</label>
+      </module-item>
+      <module-item name="i.svm.predict">
+        <label>Support Vector Machines classification (SVM)</label>
+      </module-item>
+      <separator/>
       <module-item name="i.signatures">
         <label>Manage signature files</label>
       </module-item>

imagery/Makefile

@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ SUBDIRS = \
 	i.segment \
 	i.signatures \
 	i.smap \
+	i.svm.predict \
+	i.svm.train \
 	i.target \
 	i.topo.corr \
 	i.pca \