The Standard Template Library (STL) is a powerful set of C++ template classes that provide general-purpose classes and functions. This guide provides an overview of key components of the STL, including arrays, vectors, deques, lists, maps, queues, sets, stacks, and algorithms.
- Array: Static array with a fixed size.
- Vector: Dynamic array that can resize itself.
- Deque: Double-ended queue.
- List: Doubly-linked list.
- Map: Associative container that stores key-value pairs in a sorted order based on keys.
- Queue: FIFO (First In First Out) data structure.
- Set: Associative container that stores unique keys in a sorted order.
- Stack: LIFO (Last In First Out) data structure.
STL provides various algorithms to operate on containers or ranges:
- Sorting:
std::sort - Searching:
std::find,std::binary_search - Modifying:
std::transform,std::fill,std::copy - Numeric:
std::accumulate,std::inner_product,std::partial_sum - And many more...
To use the STL components in your C++ programs, include the appropriate header files and utilize the desired classes and functions. For example:
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
int main() {
std::vector<int> vec = {3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 5};
// Sort the vector
std::sort(vec.begin(), vec.end());
// Print the sorted vector
for (int x : vec) {
std::cout << x << ' ';
}
std::cout << std::endl;
return 0;
}
References
C++ Reference - STL
STL Tutorial
License
This guide is licensed under the MIT License - see the LICENSE file