Extend the netcdf API to support programmatic changes to the plugin search path

[DennisHeimbigner]

Replaces PR #3024 and PR #3033

re: #2753

As suggested by Ed Hartnett, This PR extends the netcdf.h API to support programmatic control over the search path used to locate plugins.

I created several different APIs, but finally settled on the following API as being the simplest possible. It does have the disadvantage that it requires use of a global lock (not implemented) if used in a threaded environment.

Specifically, note that modifying the plugin path must be done "atomically". That is, in a multi-threaded environment, it is important that the sequence of actions involved in setting up the plugin path must be done by a single processor or in some other way as to guarantee that two or more processors are not simultaneously accessing the plugin path get/set operations.

As an example, assume there exists a mutex lock called PLUGINLOCK. Then any processor accessing the plugin paths should operate as follows:

lock(PLUGINLOCK);
nc_plugin_path_get(...);
<rebuild plugin path>
nc_plugin_path_set(...);
unlock(PLUGINLOCK);

Internal Architecture

It is assumed here that there only needs to be a single set of plugin path directories that is shared by all filter code and is independent of any file descriptor; it is global in other words. This means, for example, that the path list for NCZarr and for HDF5 will always be the same.

However internally, processing the set of plugin paths depends on the particular NC_FORMATX value (NC_FORMATX_NC_HDF5 and NC_FORMATX_NCZARR, currently). So the nc_plugin_path_set function, will take the paths it is given and propagate them to each of the NC_FORMATX dispatchers to store in a way that is appropriate to the given dispatcher.

There is a complication with respect to the nc_plugin_path_get function. It is possible for users to bypass the netcdf API and modify the HDF5 plugin paths directly. This can result in an inconsistent plugin path between the value used by HDF5 and the global value used by netcdf-c. Since there is no obvious fix for this, we warn the user of this possibility and otherwise ignore it.

Test Changes

• New tests
  a. unit_test/run_pluginpaths.sh -- was created to test this new capability.
  b. A new test utility has been added as unit_test/run_dfaltpluginpath.sh to test the default plugin path list.
• New test support utilities
  a. unit_test/ncpluginpath.c -- report current state of the plugin path
  b. unit_test/tst_pluginpaths.c -- test program to support run_pluginpaths.sh

Documentation

• A new file -- docs/pluginpath.md -- provides documentation of the new API. It includes some
  material taken for filters.md.

Other Major Changes

1. Cleanup the whole plugin path decision tree. This is described in the docs/pluginpath.md document and summarized in Addendum 2 below.
2. I noticed that the ncdump/testpathcvt.sh had been disabled, so fixed and re-enabled it. This necessitated some significant changes to dpathmgr.c.

Misc. Changes

1. Add some path manipulation utilities to netcf_aux.h
2. Fix some minor bugs in netcdf_json.h
3. Convert netcdf_json.h and netcdf_proplist.h to BUILT_SOURCE.
4. Add NETCDF_ENABLE_HDF5 as synonym for USE_HDF5
5. Fix some size_t <-> int conversion warnings.
6. Encountered and fixed the Windows \r\n problem in tst_pluginpaths.c.
7. Cleanup some minor CMakeLists.txt problems.
8. Provide an implementation of echo -n since it appears to not be
   available on all platforms.
9. Add a property list mechanism to pass environmental information to filters.
10. Cleanup Doxyfile.in
11. Fixed a memory leak in libdap2; surprised that I did not find this earlier.

Addendum 1: Proposed API

The API makes use of a counted vector of strings representing the sequence of directories in the path. The relevant type definition is as follows.

typedef struct NCPluginList {size_t ndirs; char** dirs;} NCPluginList;

The API proposed in this PR looks like this (from netcdf-c/include/netcdf_filter.h).

• int nc_plugin_path_ndirs(size_t* ndirsp);
  Arguments: ndirsp -- store the number of directories in this memory.

  This function returns the number of directories in the sequence if internal directories of the internal plugin path list.

• int nc_plugin_path_get(NCPluginList* dirs);
  Arguments: dirs -- counted vector for storing the sequence of directies in the internal path list.

  This function returns the current sequence of directories from the internal plugin path list. Since this function does not modify the plugin path, it does not need to be locked; it is only when used to get the path to be modified that locking is required. If the value of dirs.dirs is NULL (the normal case), then memory is allocated to hold the vector of directories. Otherwise, use the memory of dirs.dirs to hold the vector of directories.

• int nc_plugin_path_set(const NCPluginList* dirs);
  Arguments: dirs -- counted vector for providing the new sequence of directories in the internal path list.

  This function empties the current internal path sequence and replaces it with the sequence of directories argument. Using an ndirs argument of 0 will clear the set of plugin paths.

Addendum 2: Build-Time and Run-Time Constants.

Build-Time Constants

Table showing the build-time computation of NETCDF_PLUGIN_INSTALL_DIR and NETCDF_PLUGIN_SEARCH_PATH.
--with-plugin-dir	--prefix	NETCDF_PLUGIN_INSTALL_DIR	NETCDF_PLUGIN_SEARCH_PATH
undefined	undefined	undefined	PLATFORMDEFALT
undefined	<abspath-prefix>	<abspath-prefix>/hdf5/lib/plugin	<abspath-prefix>/hdf5/lib/plugin<SEP>PLATFORMDEFALT
<abspath-plugins>	N.A.	<abspath-plugins>	<abspath-plugins><SEP>PLATFORMDEFALT

Table showing the computation of the initial global plugin path
HDF5_PLUGIN_PATH	Initial global plugin path
undefined	NETCDF_PLUGIN_SEARCH_PATH
<path1;...pathn>	<path1;...pathn>

[CLAassistant]

All committers have signed the CLA.

[WardF]

Thanks @DennisHeimbigner I'll take a look at it tomorrow, along with playing catchup on other PR's which cropped up last week while I was at the retreat & committee meetings.

[WardF]

@DennisHeimbigner , did you want me to take a look at merging the changes in re: a custom prefix? I'm happy to, I just don't want to step on your toes/duplicate effort if you were already doing so.

[DennisHeimbigner]

I am in the process of fixing things, so hang on a bit.

[DennisHeimbigner]

Ok, I fixed things to include the use of CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX that you suggested.
I also fixed up configure.ac to do the same thing for automake.
I turned out to be a more extensive change that I originally thought
because there was internal plugin code that also needed to be fixed
to properly hand this case.
I also added a test case for this.

[WardF]

Thanks Dennis, reviewing!