[FLINK-33914][ci] Adds basic CI workflow

.github/workflows/ci.yml

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+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# This workflow is meant for as a basic CI run covering the most-important features
+# and default Java version. It is meant to run before a PullRequest is merged.
+
+name: "Flink CI (default)"
+
+on:
+  push:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      branch:
+        description: "The branch the extended workflow should run on."
+        default: "master"
+        type: string
+
+permissions: read-all
+
+jobs:
+  pre-compile-checks:
+    name: "Pre-compile Checks"
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/template.pre-compile-checks.yml
+    with:
+      branch: ${{ inputs.branch }}
+  ci:
+    name: "Default (Java 8)"
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/template.flink-ci.yml
+    with:
+      branch: ${{ inputs.branch }}
+      environment: 'PROFILE="-Dinclude_hadoop_aws"'
+      jdk-version: 8
+    secrets:
+      s3_bucket: ${{ secrets.IT_CASE_S3_BUCKET }}
+      s3_access_key: ${{ secrets.IT_CASE_S3_ACCESS_KEY }}
+      s3_secret_key: ${{ secrets.IT_CASE_S3_SECRET_KEY }}