Fix SegmentedButton clipping when drawing segments (flutter#149739)

fixes [`SegmentedButton` doesn't clip properly when one of the segments has `ColorFiltered`](flutter#144990)

### Code sample

<details>
<summary>expand to view the code sample</summary> 

```dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() => runApp(const MyApp());

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  const MyApp({super.key});

  @OverRide
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      home: Scaffold(
        body: Center(
          child: SegmentedButton<int>(
            segments: const <ButtonSegment<int>>[
              ButtonSegment<int>(
                value: 0,
                label: ColorFiltered(
                  colorFilter:
                      ColorFilter.mode(Colors.amber, BlendMode.colorBurn),
                  child: Text('Option 1'),
                ),
              ),
              ButtonSegment<int>(
                value: 1,
                label: Text('Option 2'),
              ),
            ],
            onSelectionChanged: (Set<int> selected) {},
            selected: const <int>{0},
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}
```

</details>

### Before

![before](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/assets/48603081/b402fc51-d575-4208-8a71-f798ef2b2bf5)

### After

![after](https://github.com/flutter/flutter/assets/48603081/77a5cac2-ecef-4381-a043-dbb5c91407ec)

packages/flutter/lib/src/material/segmented_button.dart

@@ -895,12 +895,11 @@ class _RenderSegmentedButton<T> extends RenderBox with
     Path? enabledClipPath;
     Path? disabledClipPath;
 
-    context.canvas..save()..clipPath(borderClipPath);
     while (child != null) {
       final _SegmentedButtonContainerBoxParentData childParentData = child.parentData! as _SegmentedButtonContainerBoxParentData;
       final Rect childRect = childParentData.surroundingRect!.outerRect.shift(offset);
 
-      context.canvas..save()..clipRect(childRect);
+      context.canvas..save()..clipPath(borderClipPath);
       context.paintChild(child, childParentData.offset + offset);
       context.canvas.restore();
 
@@ -935,16 +934,15 @@ class _RenderSegmentedButton<T> extends RenderBox with
         final BorderSide divider = segments[index - 1].enabled || segments[index].enabled
           ? enabledBorder.side.copyWith(strokeAlign: 0.0)
           : disabledBorder.side.copyWith(strokeAlign: 0.0);
-        final Offset top = Offset(dividerPos, childRect.top);
-        final Offset bottom = Offset(dividerPos, childRect.bottom);
+        final Offset top = Offset(dividerPos, borderRect.top);
+        final Offset bottom = Offset(dividerPos, borderRect.bottom);
         context.canvas.drawLine(top, bottom, divider.toPaint());
       }
 
       previousChild = child;
       child = childAfter(child);
       index += 1;
     }
-    context.canvas.restore();
 
     // Paint the outer border for both disabled and enabled clip rect if needed.
     if (disabledClipPath == null) {

packages/flutter/test/material/segmented_button_test.dart

@@ -1045,6 +1045,79 @@ void main() {
     await tester.pumpAndSettle();
     expect(getOverlayColor(tester), paints..rect(color: overlayColor));
   });
+
+  // This is a regression test for https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/144990.
+  testWidgets('SegmentedButton clips border path when drawing segments', (WidgetTester tester) async {
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      MaterialApp(
+        home: Scaffold(
+          body: Center(
+            child: SegmentedButton<int>(
+              segments: const <ButtonSegment<int>>[
+                ButtonSegment<int>(
+                  value: 0,
+                  label: Text('Option 1'),
+                ),
+                ButtonSegment<int>(
+                  value: 1,
+                  label: Text('Option 2'),
+                ),
+              ],
+              onSelectionChanged: (Set<int> selected) {},
+              selected: const <int>{0},
+            ),
+          ),
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+
+    expect(
+      find.byType(SegmentedButton<int>),
+      paints
+        ..save()
+        ..clipPath() // Clip the border.
+        ..path(color: const Color(0xffe8def8)) // Draw segment 0.
+        ..save()
+        ..clipPath() // Clip the border.
+        ..path(color: const Color(0x00000000)), // Draw segment 1.
+    );
+  });
+
+  // This is a regression test for https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/144990.
+  testWidgets('SegmentedButton dividers matches border rect size', (WidgetTester tester) async {
+    await tester.pumpWidget(
+      MaterialApp(
+        home: Scaffold(
+          body: Center(
+            child: SegmentedButton<int>(
+              segments: const <ButtonSegment<int>>[
+                ButtonSegment<int>(
+                  value: 0,
+                  label: Text('Option 1'),
+                ),
+                ButtonSegment<int>(
+                  value: 1,
+                  label: Text('Option 2'),
+                ),
+              ],
+              onSelectionChanged: (Set<int> selected) {},
+              selected: const <int>{0},
+            ),
+          ),
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+
+    const double tapTargetSize = 48.0;
+    expect(
+      find.byType(SegmentedButton<int>),
+      paints
+        ..line(
+          p1: const Offset(166.8000030517578, 4.0),
+          p2: const Offset(166.8000030517578, tapTargetSize - 4.0),
+        ),
+    );
+  });
 }
 
 Set<MaterialState> enabled = const <MaterialState>{};