GH-43186: [Go] Use auto-aligned atomic int64 for pqarrow pathbuilders (…

…#43206)

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### Rationale for this change

Fixes: #43186

Improves 32-bit support for the pqarrow writer. We may want to push
similar changes to other refcount implementations to more completely
support running on 32-bit system.

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### What changes are included in this PR?

Update `pathBuilder` and `multipathLevelBuilder` refCounts to use
`atomic.Int64` which is automatically aligned on 32-bit systems.

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### Are these changes tested?

The issue reproduces with existing tests when building for a 32-bit
architecture, so no new tests were added. This PR adds a "test" step to
the existing workflow for 386 architecture builds, currently limited to
run the tests fixed in this PR.

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### Are there any user-facing changes?

32-bit systems should no longer panic when writing parquet files.

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<!-- **This PR contains a "Critical Fix".** -->
* GitHub Issue: #43186

.github/workflows/go.yml

@@ -168,8 +168,8 @@ jobs:
           python3 -m pip install benchadapt@git+https://github.com/conbench/conbench.git@main#subdirectory=benchadapt/python
           python3 ci/scripts/go_bench_adapt.py
 
-  build386:
-    name: Go Cross-build for 386
+  build_test_386:
+    name: Go Cross-build and test for 386
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     if: ${{ !contains(github.event.pull_request.title, 'WIP') }}
     timeout-minutes: 20
@@ -188,9 +188,12 @@ jobs:
           cache: true
           cache-dependency-path: go/go.sum
       - name: Run build
-        run: |
-          cd go
-          GOARCH=386 go build ./...
+        run: GOARCH=386 go build ./...
+        working-directory: ./go
+      - name: Run test
+        # WIP refactor, only tests in the specified dirs have been fixed
+        run: GOARCH=386 go test ./parquet/file/...
+        working-directory: ./go
 
   docker_cgo:
     name: AMD64 Debian 12 Go ${{ matrix.go }} - CGO

go/internal/utils/ref_count.go

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package utils
+
+import "sync/atomic"
+
+// NewRefCount creates a new atomic counter set to the specified initial value.
+func NewRefCount(initial int64) *atomic.Int64 {
+	var val atomic.Int64
+	val.Store(initial)
+	return &val
+}

go/parquet/internal/bmi/bitmap_bmi2_386.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//go:build !noasm
+// +build !noasm
+
+package bmi
+
+func init() {
+	funclist.extractBits = extractBitsGo
+	funclist.gtbitmap = greaterThanBitmapGo
+}

go/parquet/pqarrow/path_builder.go

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v17/arrow/array"
 	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v17/arrow/memory"
 	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v17/internal/bitutils"
+	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v17/internal/utils"
 	"github.com/apache/arrow/go/v17/parquet/internal/encoding"
 	"golang.org/x/xerrors"
 )
@@ -301,15 +302,15 @@ type pathBuilder struct {
 	paths            []pathInfo
 	nullableInParent bool
 
-	refCount int64
+	refCount *atomic.Int64
 }
 
 func (p *pathBuilder) Retain() {
-	atomic.AddInt64(&p.refCount, 1)
+	p.refCount.Add(1)
 }
 
 func (p *pathBuilder) Release() {
-	if atomic.AddInt64(&p.refCount, -1) == 0 {
+	if p.refCount.Add(-1) == 0 {
 		for idx := range p.paths {
 			p.paths[idx].primitiveArr.Release()
 			p.paths[idx].primitiveArr = nil
@@ -498,15 +499,15 @@ type multipathLevelBuilder struct {
 	data      arrow.ArrayData
 	builder   pathBuilder
 
-	refCount int64
+	refCount *atomic.Int64
 }
 
 func (m *multipathLevelBuilder) Retain() {
-	atomic.AddInt64(&m.refCount, 1)
+	m.refCount.Add(1)
 }
 
 func (m *multipathLevelBuilder) Release() {
-	if atomic.AddInt64(&m.refCount, -1) == 0 {
+	if m.refCount.Add(-1) == 0 {
 		m.data.Release()
 		m.data = nil
 		m.builder.Release()
@@ -516,10 +517,10 @@ func (m *multipathLevelBuilder) Release() {
 
 func newMultipathLevelBuilder(arr arrow.Array, fieldNullable bool) (*multipathLevelBuilder, error) {
 	ret := &multipathLevelBuilder{
-		refCount:  1,
+		refCount:  utils.NewRefCount(1),
 		rootRange: elemRange{int64(0), int64(arr.Data().Len())},
 		data:      arr.Data(),
-		builder:   pathBuilder{nullableInParent: fieldNullable, paths: make([]pathInfo, 0), refCount: 1},
+		builder:   pathBuilder{nullableInParent: fieldNullable, paths: make([]pathInfo, 0), refCount: utils.NewRefCount(1)},
 	}
 	if err := ret.builder.Visit(arr); err != nil {
 		return nil, err