GH-42193: [Java] Update dependency to maintain JUnit 5 only (#42206)

### Rationale for this change

We have completed migrating all unit test code from JUnit 4 to JUnit 5 for all Java modules. Now, we are removing the compatibility library `junit-vintage-engine` to maintain JUnit 5 only.

### What changes are included in this PR?

- Removing JUnit 4 dependencies
- Updating remaining `junit.framework.TestCase` imports
- Updating excludes to prevent JUnit 4 dependencies

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No.

* GitHub Issue: #42193

Authored-by: Hyunseok Seo <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: David Li <[email protected]>

java/adapter/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/arrow/adapter/avro/AvroLogicalTypesTest.java

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
  */
 package org.apache.arrow.adapter.avro;
 
-import static junit.framework.TestCase.assertNull;
-import static junit.framework.TestCase.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 import java.math.BigDecimal;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;

java/adapter/jdbc/src/test/java/org/apache/arrow/adapter/jdbc/h2/JdbcToArrowOptionalColumnsTest.java

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
  */
 package org.apache.arrow.adapter.jdbc.h2;
 
-import static junit.framework.TestCase.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.sql.SQLException;

java/pom.xml

@@ -261,25 +261,12 @@ under the License.
       <version>${dep.junit.jupiter.version}</version>
       <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
-    <dependency>
-      <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
-      <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
-      <version>${dep.junit.jupiter.version}</version>
-      <scope>test</scope>
-    </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
       <artifactId>junit-jupiter-params</artifactId>
       <version>${dep.junit.jupiter.version}</version>
       <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
-    <!-- Use to keep older tests running -->
-    <dependency>
-      <groupId>junit</groupId>
-      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
-      <version>4.13.2</version>
-      <scope>test</scope>
-    </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
       <artifactId>mockito-junit-jupiter</artifactId>
@@ -659,6 +646,9 @@ under the License.
                     <!-- Do not include annotation processors. Use the annotations-only artifacts -->
                     <exclude>org.immutables:value</exclude>
                     <exclude>org.checkerframework:checker</exclude>
+                    <!-- Exclude all JUnit 4 dependencies -->
+                    <exclude>junit:junit:4.*</exclude>
+                    <exclude>org.junit.vintage:junit-vintage-engine</exclude>
                   </excludes>
                 </bannedDependencies>
               </rules>

java/vector/src/test/java/org/apache/arrow/vector/util/TestMapWithOrdinal.java

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
  */
 package org.apache.arrow.vector.util;
 
-import static junit.framework.TestCase.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 
 import java.util.Collection;