GH-27919: [CI][C++] Add a nightly job to test offline build

[kou]

Rationale for this change

If we have a nightly CI job to test offline build, we will be able to notice that offline build support is broken.

What changes are included in this PR?

• Add the ARROW_OFFLINE option that uses cpp/thirdparty/download_dependencies.sh and disable DNS resolution
• Add ubuntu-cpp-bundled-offline service that enable the ARROW_OFFLINE option
• Add test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-bundled-offline nightly job

Are these changes tested?

Yes.

Are there any user-facing changes?

No.

• GitHub Issue: [CI][C++] Add nightly job to test offline build #27919

[kou]

@github-actions crossbow submit test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-bundled-offline

[github-actions]

⚠️ GitHub issue #27919 has been automatically assigned in GitHub to PR creator.

[github-actions]

Revision: 5c7bb69

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-08280626f5

Task	Status
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-bundled-offline

[raulcd]

@github-actions crossbow submit test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-bundled-offline

[github-actions]

Revision: 62d877d

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-5c885d3fff

Task	Status
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-bundled-offline

[raulcd]

The job took 88 minutes. Should we put the timeout to 100? 90 seems a little tight.

[kou]

Let's use 120 for safety.

[kou]

@github-actions crossbow submit test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-bundled-offline

[github-actions]

Revision: 0dc30d9

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-4c7b9cf02c

Task	Status
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-bundled-offline

[kou]

+1

I'll merge this.

[conbench-apache-arrow]

After merging your PR, Conbench analyzed the 3 benchmarking runs that have been run so far on merge-commit 6427ed4.

There were no benchmark performance regressions. 🎉

The full Conbench report has more details. It also includes information about 2 possible false positives for unstable benchmarks that are known to sometimes produce them.