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# 🚀 SSH for GitHub Actions

[繁體中文](./README.zh-tw.md)

[GitHub Action](https://github.com/features/actions) for executing remote ssh commands.

![ssh workflow](./images/ssh-workflow.png)
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348 changes: 348 additions & 0 deletions README.zh-tw.md
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Expand Up @@ -43,3 +43,351 @@ SSH 代理設置:
* `proxy_fingerprint` - 代理主機公鑰的 SHA256 指紋,預設為跳過驗證
* `proxy_use_insecure_cipher` - 使用不安全的加密方式,請參閱 [#56](https://github.com/appleboy/ssh-action/issues/56)
* `proxy_cipher` - 允許的加密算法。如果未指定,則使用合理的算法

## 使用方式

執行遠端 SSH 命令

```yaml
name: remote ssh command
on: [push]
jobs:

build:
name: Build
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- name: executing remote ssh commands using password
uses: appleboy/[email protected]
with:
host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
password: ${{ secrets.PASSWORD }}
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
script: whoami
```
畫面輸出
```sh
======CMD======
whoami
======END======
out: ***
==============================================
✅ Successfully executed commands to all host.
==============================================
```

### 設置 SSH 金鑰

請在創建 SSH 金鑰並使用 SSH 金鑰時遵循以下步驟。最佳做法是在本地機器上創建 SSH 金鑰而不是遠端機器上。請使用 Github Secrets 中指定的用戶名登錄。生成 RSA 金鑰:

### 生成 RSA 金鑰

```bash
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"
```

### 生成 ed25519 金鑰

```bash
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -a 200 -C "[email protected]"
```

將新生成的金鑰添加到已授權的金鑰中。詳細了解已授權的金鑰請點擊[此處](https://www.ssh.com/ssh/authorized_keys/).

### 將 RSA 金鑰添加到已授權金鑰中

```bash
cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh b@B 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys'
```

### 將 ed25519 金鑰添加到已授權金鑰中

```bash
cat .ssh/id_ed25519.pub | ssh b@B 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys'
```

複製私鑰內容,然後將其粘貼到 Github Secrets 中。

### 複製 rsa 私鑰內容

```bash
clip < ~/.ssh/id_rsa
```

### 複製 ed25519 私鑰內容

```bash
clip < ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
```

有關無需密碼登錄 SSH 的詳細信息,請[參見該網站](http://www.linuxproblem.org/art_9.html)

**來自讀者的注意事項**: 根據您的 SSH 版本,您可能還需要進行以下更改:

* 將公鑰放在 `.ssh/authorized_keys2`
*`.ssh` 的權限更改為700
*`.ssh/authorized_keys2` 的權限更改為640

### 如果你使用的是 OpenSSH

如果您正在使用 OpenSSH,並出現以下錯誤:

```bash
ssh: handshake failed: ssh: unable to authenticate, attempted methods [none publickey]
```

請確保您所選擇的密鑰演算法得到支援。在 Ubuntu 20.04 或更高版本上,您必須明確允許使用 SSH-RSA 演算法。請在 OpenSSH 守護進程文件中添加以下行(它可以是 `/etc/ssh/sshd_config``/etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/` 中的一個附著文件):

```bash
CASignatureAlgorithms +ssh-rsa
```

或者,`Ed25519` 密鑰在 OpenSSH 中默認被接受。如果需要,您可以使用它來替代 RSA。

```bash
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -a 200 -C "[email protected]"
```

### Example

#### 使用密碼執行遠端 SSH 命令

```yaml
- name: executing remote ssh commands using password
uses: appleboy/[email protected]
with:
host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
password: ${{ secrets.PASSWORD }}
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
script: whoami
```
#### 使用私鑰
```yaml
- name: executing remote ssh commands using ssh key
uses: appleboy/[email protected]
with:
host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
script: whoami
```
#### 多個命令
```yaml
- name: multiple command
uses: appleboy/[email protected]
with:
host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
script: |
whoami
ls -al
```
![result](./images/output-result.png)
#### 多台主機
```diff
- name: multiple host
uses: appleboy/[email protected]
with:
- host: "foo.com"
+ host: "foo.com,bar.com"
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
script: |
whoami
ls -al
```
#### 多個不同端口的主機
```diff
- name: multiple host
uses: appleboy/[email protected]
with:
- host: "foo.com"
+ host: "foo.com:1234,bar.com:5678"
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
script: |
whoami
ls -al
```
#### 在多個主機上同步執行
```diff
- name: multiple host
uses: appleboy/[email protected]
with:
host: "foo.com,bar.com"
+ sync: true
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
script: |
whoami
ls -al
```
#### 將環境變量傳遞到 Shell 腳本
```diff
- name: pass environment
uses: appleboy/[email protected]
+ env:
+ FOO: "BAR"
+ BAR: "FOO"
+ SHA: ${{ github.sha }}
with:
host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
+ envs: FOO,BAR,SHA
script: |
echo "I am $FOO"
echo "I am $BAR"
echo "sha: $SHA"
```
_在 `env` 對象中,您需要將每個環境變量作為字符串傳遞,傳遞 `Integer` 數據類型或任何其他類型可能會產生意外結果。_

#### 在第一次失敗後停止腳本

> ex: missing `abc` folder

```diff
- name: stop script if command error
uses: appleboy/[email protected]
with:
host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
+ script_stop: true
script: |
mkdir abc/def
ls -al
```

畫面輸出:

```sh
======CMD======
mkdir abc/def
ls -al
======END======
2019/11/21 01:16:21 Process exited with status 1
err: mkdir: cannot create directory ‘abc/def’: No such file or directory
##[error]Docker run failed with exit code 1
```

#### 如何使用 `ProxyCommand` 連接遠程服務器?

```bash
+--------+ +----------+ +-----------+
| Laptop | <--> | Jumphost | <--> | FooServer |
+--------+ +----------+ +-----------+
```

在您的 `~/.ssh/config` 文件中,您會看到以下內容。

```bash
Host Jumphost
HostName Jumphost
User ubuntu
Port 22
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/keys/jump_host.pem
Host FooServer
HostName FooServer
User ubuntu
Port 22
ProxyCommand ssh -q -W %h:%p Jumphost
```

#### 如何將其轉換為 GitHubActions 的 YAML 格式?

```diff
- name: ssh proxy command
uses: appleboy/[email protected]
with:
host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
+ proxy_host: ${{ secrets.PROXY_HOST }}
+ proxy_username: ${{ secrets.PROXY_USERNAME }}
+ proxy_key: ${{ secrets.PROXY_KEY }}
+ proxy_port: ${{ secrets.PROXY_PORT }}
script: |
mkdir abc/def
ls -al
```

#### 如何保護私鑰?

密碼短語通常用於加密私鑰。這使得攻擊者無法單獨使用密鑰文件。文件泄露可能來自備份或停用的硬件,黑客通常可以從受攻擊系統中洩露文件。因此,保護私鑰非常重要。

```diff
- name: ssh key passphrase
uses: appleboy/[email protected]
with:
host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
+ passphrase: ${{ secrets.PASSPHRASE }}
script: |
whoami
ls -al
```

#### 使用主機指紋驗證

設置 SSH 主機指紋驗證可以幫助防止中間人攻擊。在設置之前,運行以下命令以獲取 SSH 主機指紋。請記得將 `ed25519` 替換為您的適當金鑰類型(`rsa`、 `dsa`等),而 `example.com` 則替換為您的主機。

現代 OpenSSH 版本中,需要提取的_默認金鑰_類型是 `rsa`(從版本 5.1 開始)、`ecdsa`(從版本 6.0 開始)和 `ed25519`(從版本 6.7 開始)。

```sh
ssh example.com ssh-keygen -l -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub | cut -d ' ' -f2
```

現在您可以調整您的配置:

```diff
- name: ssh key passphrase
uses: appleboy/[email protected]
with:
host: ${{ secrets.HOST }}
username: ${{ secrets.USERNAME }}
key: ${{ secrets.KEY }}
port: ${{ secrets.PORT }}
+ fingerprint: ${{ secrets.FINGERPRINT }}
script: |
whoami
ls -al
```

## 貢獻

我們非常希望您為 `appleboy/ssh-action` 做出貢獻,歡迎提交請求!

## 授權方式

本項目中的腳本和文檔采用 [MIT](LICENSE) 許可證 發布。

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