[CPP29 REORG] Dissolve [except] #7320
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Several concurrent fixes. First include the normative wording that 'uncaught_exceptions' returns the number of uncaught exceptions *on the current thread*. This wording is present in the core language. Then move the core wording for when an exception is uncaught directly into the text that talks about caught and uncaught exceptions. In the process, turn the reference to into a note, so that there is only one normative specification. Finally, remove [except.uncaught] as it is now empty, and add the missing descriptive sentence to the intro paragraph of [except.special.general]. This happens to produce quite a pleasing page-break, but that is just luck, not design.
While 'std:terminate' was originally conceived as the way to report failures in the exception handling machinery, it has evolved to become a more general tool for reporting unrecoverable failures in the C++ runtime. This rewording attempts to address that evolving design, and in doing so addresses the outstanding %FIXME% that the current text is not adequately descriptive in the first place.
Now that the terminate function is more general than just failures of the exception machinery, it belongs with Start and termination.
This was referenced Oct 18, 2024
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This branch is a preview of work to dissolve the [except] clause into the rest of the standard, according to issue #7317.
It provides plenty of time for early reviews to get the details right. The initial commit maintains the history of individual commits to help track the process.
As most of this branch is cut and paste, I plan to update sometime after each new working draft is published, by diffing against the previous working draft's [exception] and applying manual edits to the new location. However, any branch that will land in C++29 will follow the same process to redistribute the wording from the main branch, to ensure fidelity.