Use orjson to improve JSON marshalling performance

CHANGES.rst

@@ -5,6 +5,17 @@ Changes for crate
 Unreleased
 ==========
 
+- Switched JSON encoder to use the `orjson`_ library, to improve JSON
+  marshalling performance. Thanks, @widmogrod.
+  orjson is fast and in some spots even more correct when compared against
+  Python's stdlib ``json`` module. Contrary to the stdlib variant, orjson
+  will serialize to ``bytes`` instead of ``str``. Please also note it
+  will not deserialize to dataclasses, UUIDs, decimals, etc., or support
+  ``object_hook``. Within ``crate-python``, it is applied with an encoder
+  function for additional type support about Python's ``Decimal`` type and
+  freezegun's ``FakeDatetime`` type.
+
+.. _orjson: https://github.com/ijl/orjson
 
 2024/11/23 1.0.1
 ================

setup.py

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ def read(path):
     packages=find_namespace_packages("src"),
     package_dir={"": "src"},
     install_requires=[
+        "orjson<4",
         "urllib3",
         "verlib2",
     ],

src/crate/client/http.py

@@ -20,23 +20,21 @@
 # software solely pursuant to the terms of the relevant commercial agreement.
 
 
-import calendar
 import heapq
 import io
-import json
 import logging
 import os
 import re
 import socket
 import ssl
 import threading
+import typing as t
 from base64 import b64encode
-from datetime import date, datetime, timezone
 from decimal import Decimal
 from time import time
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
-from uuid import UUID
 
+import orjson
 import urllib3
 from urllib3 import connection_from_url
 from urllib3.connection import HTTPConnection
@@ -86,25 +84,33 @@
     return None
 
 
-class CrateJsonEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
-    epoch_aware = datetime(1970, 1, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
-    epoch_naive = datetime(1970, 1, 1)
-
-    def default(self, o):
-        if isinstance(o, (Decimal, UUID)):
-            return str(o)
-        if isinstance(o, datetime):
-            if o.tzinfo is not None:
-                delta = o - self.epoch_aware
-            else:
-                delta = o - self.epoch_naive
-            return int(
-                delta.microseconds / 1000.0
-                + (delta.seconds + delta.days * 24 * 3600) * 1000.0
-            )
-        if isinstance(o, date):
-            return calendar.timegm(o.timetuple()) * 1000
-        return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, o)
+def cratedb_json_encoder(obj: t.Any) -> str:
+    """
+    Encoder function for orjson, with additional type support.
+
+    - Python's `Decimal` type.
+    - freezegun's `FakeDatetime` type.
+
+    https://github.com/ijl/orjson#default
+    """
+    if isinstance(obj, Decimal):
+        return str(obj)
+    elif hasattr(obj, "isoformat"):
+        return obj.isoformat()
+    raise TypeError
+
+
+def json_dumps(obj: t.Any) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Serialize to JSON format, using `orjson`, with additional type support.
+
+    https://github.com/ijl/orjson
+    """
+    return orjson.dumps(
+        obj,
+        default=cratedb_json_encoder,
+        option=(orjson.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS | orjson.OPT_SERIALIZE_NUMPY),
+    )
 
 
 class Server:
@@ -180,7 +186,7 @@
 
 def _json_from_response(response):
     try:
-        return json.loads(response.data.decode("utf-8"))
+        return orjson.loads(response.data)
     except ValueError as ex:
         raise ProgrammingError(
             "Invalid server response of content-type '{}':\n{}".format(
@@ -223,7 +229,7 @@
     if response.status == 503:
         raise ConnectionError(message)
     if response.headers.get("content-type", "").startswith("application/json"):
-        data = json.loads(response.data.decode("utf-8"))
+        data = orjson.loads(response.data)
         error = data.get("error", {})
         error_trace = data.get("error_trace", None)
         if "results" in data:
@@ -323,7 +329,7 @@
             kwargs["ssl_minimum_version"] = ssl.TLSVersion.MINIMUM_SUPPORTED
 
 
-def _create_sql_payload(stmt, args, bulk_args):
+def _create_sql_payload(stmt, args, bulk_args) -> bytes:
     if not isinstance(stmt, str):
         raise ValueError("stmt is not a string")
     if args and bulk_args:
@@ -334,7 +340,7 @@
         data["args"] = args
     if bulk_args:
         data["bulk_args"] = bulk_args
-    return json.dumps(data, cls=CrateJsonEncoder)
+    return json_dumps(data)
 
 
 def _get_socket_opts(

tests/client/test_http.py

@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@
 )
 from crate.client.http import (
     Client,
-    CrateJsonEncoder,
     _get_socket_opts,
     _remove_certs_for_non_https,
+    json_dumps,
 )
 
 REQUEST = "crate.client.http.Server.request"
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ def test_datetime_is_converted_to_ts(self, request):
         # convert string to dict
         # because the order of the keys isn't deterministic
         data = json.loads(request.call_args[1]["data"])
-        self.assertEqual(data["args"], [1425108700000])
+        self.assertEqual(data["args"], ["2015-02-28T07:31:40"])
         client.close()
 
     @patch(REQUEST, autospec=True)
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ def test_date_is_converted_to_ts(self, request):
         day = dt.date(2016, 4, 21)
         client.sql("insert into users (dt) values (?)", (day,))
         data = json.loads(request.call_args[1]["data"])
-        self.assertEqual(data["args"], [1461196800000])
+        self.assertEqual(data["args"], ["2016-04-21"])
         client.close()
 
     def test_socket_options_contain_keepalive(self):
@@ -724,10 +724,10 @@ def test_username(self):
 class TestCrateJsonEncoder(TestCase):
     def test_naive_datetime(self):
         data = dt.datetime.fromisoformat("2023-06-26T09:24:00.123")
-        result = json.dumps(data, cls=CrateJsonEncoder)
-        self.assertEqual(result, "1687771440123")
+        result = json_dumps(data)
+        self.assertEqual(result, b'"2023-06-26T09:24:00.123000"')
 
     def test_aware_datetime(self):
         data = dt.datetime.fromisoformat("2023-06-26T09:24:00.123+02:00")
-        result = json.dumps(data, cls=CrateJsonEncoder)
-        self.assertEqual(result, "1687764240123")
+        result = json_dumps(data)
+        self.assertEqual(result, b'"2023-06-26T09:24:00.123000+02:00"')