Implement `sprintf "%e"` in Crystal #10208

Job	Run time
check_format	1m 48s
deploy_api_docs	0s
x86_64-gnu-test (1.7.3)	32m 29s
x86_64-gnu-test-preview_mt	5m 17s
x86_64-gnu-test (1.8.2)	30m 33s
x86_64-musl-test	35m 13s
x86_64-gnu-test (1.9.2)	31m 9s
x86_64-gnu-test (1.10.1)	32m 23s
x86_64-gnu-test (1.0.0, FLAGS=-Dwithout_ffi USE_PCRE1=true)	28m 47s
x86_64-gnu-test (1.1.1, FLAGS=-Dwithout_ffi USE_PCRE1=true)	31m 22s
x86_64-gnu-test (1.2.2, USE_PCRE1=true)	32m 22s
x86_64-gnu-test (1.3.2, USE_PCRE1=true)	31m 2s
x86_64-gnu-test (1.4.1, USE_PCRE1=true)	34m 10s
x86_64-gnu-test (1.5.1, USE_PCRE1=true)	31m 0s
x86_64-gnu-test (1.6.2, USE_PCRE1=true)	32m 49s
	6h 30m 24s

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