Support "long format" DLL import libraries (#15119)

`Crystal::System::LibraryArchive.imported_dlls` is used by the interpreter to obtain all dependent DLLs of a given import library. Currently, the method only supports libraries using the [short format](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/debug/pe-format#import-library-format), emitted by MSVC's linker. This PR implements the long format used by MinGW-w64 when passing the `-Wl,--out-implib` flag to `cc`.

Specs will be added when `Crystal::Loader` supports MinGW-w64. In the mean time, if you have MSYS2, you could try this on the UCRT64 import libraries:

```crystal
require "crystal/system/win32/library_archive"

Crystal::System::LibraryArchive.imported_dlls("C:/msys64/ucrt64/lib/libpcre2-8.dll.a") # => Set{"libpcre2-8-0.dll"}
Crystal::System::LibraryArchive.imported_dlls("C:/msys64/ucrt64/lib/libucrt.a")        # => Set{"api-ms-win-crt-utility-l1-1-0.dll", "api-ms-win-crt-time-l1-1-0.dll", "api-ms-win-crt-string-l1-1-0.dll", "api-ms-win-crt-stdio-l1-1-0.dll", "api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll", "api-ms-win-crt-process-l1-1-0.dll", "api-ms-win-crt-private-l1-1-0.dll", "api-ms-win-crt-multibyte-l1-1-0.dll", "api-ms-win-crt-math-l1-1-0.dll", "api-ms-win-crt-locale-l1-1-0.dll", "api-ms-win-crt-heap-l1-1-0.dll", "api-ms-win-crt-filesystem-l1-1-0.dll", "api-ms-win-crt-environment-l1-1-0.dll", "api-ms-win-crt-convert-l1-1-0.dll", "api-ms-win-crt-conio-l1-1-0.dll"}
```

src/crystal/system/win32/library_archive.cr

@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@ module Crystal::System::LibraryArchive
   private struct COFFReader
     getter dlls = Set(String).new
 
+    # MSVC-style import libraries include the `__NULL_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR` symbol,
+    # MinGW-style ones do not
+    getter? msvc = false
+
     def initialize(@ar : ::File)
     end
 
@@ -39,6 +43,7 @@ module Crystal::System::LibraryArchive
           if first
             first = false
             return unless filename == "/"
+            handle_first_member(io)
           elsif !filename.in?("/", "//")
             handle_standard_member(io)
           end
@@ -62,26 +67,69 @@ module Crystal::System::LibraryArchive
       @ar.seek(new_pos)
     end
 
+    private def handle_first_member(io)
+      symbol_count = io.read_bytes(UInt32, IO::ByteFormat::BigEndian)
+
+      # 4-byte offset per symbol
+      io.skip(symbol_count * 4)
+
+      symbol_count.times do
+        symbol = io.gets('\0', chomp: true)
+        if symbol == "__NULL_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR"
+          @msvc = true
+          break
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
     private def handle_standard_member(io)
-      sig1 = io.read_bytes(UInt16, IO::ByteFormat::LittleEndian)
-      return unless sig1 == 0x0000 # IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_UNKNOWN
+      machine = io.read_bytes(UInt16, IO::ByteFormat::LittleEndian)
+      section_count = io.read_bytes(UInt16, IO::ByteFormat::LittleEndian)
 
-      sig2 = io.read_bytes(UInt16, IO::ByteFormat::LittleEndian)
-      return unless sig2 == 0xFFFF
+      if machine == 0x0000 && section_count == 0xFFFF
+        # short import library
+        version = io.read_bytes(UInt16, IO::ByteFormat::LittleEndian)
+        return unless version == 0 # 1 and 2 are used by object files (ANON_OBJECT_HEADER)
 
-      version = io.read_bytes(UInt16, IO::ByteFormat::LittleEndian)
-      return unless version == 0 # 1 and 2 are used by object files (ANON_OBJECT_HEADER)
+        # machine(2) + time(4) + size(4) + ordinal/hint(2) + flags(2)
+        io.skip(14)
 
-      # machine(2) + time(4) + size(4) + ordinal/hint(2) + flags(2)
-      io.skip(14)
+        # TODO: is there a way to do this without constructing a temporary string,
+        # but with the optimizations present in `IO#gets`?
+        return unless io.gets('\0') # symbol name
 
-      # TODO: is there a way to do this without constructing a temporary string,
-      # but with the optimizations present in `IO#gets`?
-      return unless io.gets('\0') # symbol name
+        if dll_name = io.gets('\0', chomp: true)
+          @dlls << dll_name if valid_dll?(dll_name)
+        end
+      else
+        # long import library, code based on GNU binutils `dlltool -I`:
+        # https://sourceware.org/git/?p=binutils-gdb.git;a=blob;f=binutils/dlltool.c;hb=967dc35c78adb85ee1e2e596047d9dc69107a9db#l3231
+
+        # timeDateStamp(4) + pointerToSymbolTable(4) + numberOfSymbols(4) + sizeOfOptionalHeader(2) + characteristics(2)
+        io.skip(16)
+
+        section_count.times do |i|
+          section_header = uninitialized LibC::IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER
+          return unless io.read_fully?(pointerof(section_header).to_slice(1).to_unsafe_bytes)
+
+          name = String.new(section_header.name.to_unsafe, section_header.name.index(0) || section_header.name.size)
+          next unless name == (msvc? ? ".idata$6" : ".idata$7")
+
+          if msvc? ? section_header.characteristics.bits_set?(LibC::IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA) : section_header.pointerToRelocations == 0
+            bytes_read = sizeof(LibC::IMAGE_FILE_HEADER) + sizeof(LibC::IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER) * (i + 1)
+            io.skip(section_header.pointerToRawData - bytes_read)
+            if dll_name = io.gets('\0', chomp: true, limit: section_header.sizeOfRawData)
+              @dlls << dll_name if valid_dll?(dll_name)
+            end
+          end
 
-      if dll_name = io.gets('\0', chomp: true)
-        @dlls << dll_name
+          return
+        end
       end
     end
+
+    private def valid_dll?(name)
+      name.size >= 5 && name[-4..].compare(".dll", case_insensitive: true) == 0
+    end
   end
 end

src/lib_c/x86_64-windows-msvc/c/winnt.cr

@@ -396,6 +396,8 @@ lib LibC
   IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT =  1
   IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IAT    = 12
 
+  IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA = 0x00000040
+
   struct IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER
     name : BYTE[8]
     virtualSize : DWORD