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qinzy committed Jun 19, 2024
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你是不是会好奇,这 20 个人的分布情况会是什么样的呢?下面,我们来看看各个方向的占比:

![](01%20%E5%A4%9A%E5%B9%B4%E5%89%8D%E7%9A%84%E9%82%A3%E4%BA%9B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%88%E9%83%BD%E5%8E%BB%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%86%EF%BC%9F/067d21eb45780d8ae5e69cfea93c2a0b-20221009223934-rqwlyz6.jpg)
![](assets\01_01.jpg)

“老知道人”发展方向分布

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你可能会问,不同的发展方向,需要做哪些方面的准备和积累呢?对此,我先展示一下各个发展方向上的“技能清单”,这个技能清单都是“通常来说”需要具备的,并不能代表所有情况:

![](01%20%E5%A4%9A%E5%B9%B4%E5%89%8D%E7%9A%84%E9%82%A3%E4%BA%9B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%88%E9%83%BD%E5%8E%BB%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%86%EF%BC%9F/88094939f364186a2147c80709085a5a-20221009223934-8bxn3ts.jpg)
![](assets\01_02.jpg)

八大方向技能清单

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那么,要得到哪些人的哪些支持呢?一般来说,你需要四类支持:

![](03%20%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E4%BA%BA%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E5%AE%B9%E6%98%93%E8%B5%B0%E4%B8%8A%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B2%97%E4%BD%8D%EF%BC%9F/81dd207e1f4b2bc6d69dad5efc5766a8-20221009224055-neqifjc.png)
![](assets\03_01.png)

管理者的支持系统——“人和”

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这样,“天时”“地利”“人和”这三类外部因素都具备了(如下图),你自然可以更顺利地走上管理岗位。

![](03%20%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E4%BA%BA%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E5%AE%B9%E6%98%93%E8%B5%B0%E4%B8%8A%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B2%97%E4%BD%8D%EF%BC%9F/c211f35bf90cbc45ca3742c8c8cc1557-20221009224055-1sjxdsx.png)
![](assets\03_02.png)

管理之路的外部因素

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其位置关系大体可以有这样四类:

![](06%20%E6%88%91%E8%BF%99%E6%A0%B7%E7%9A%84%E9%A3%8E%E6%A0%BC%E8%83%BD%E5%81%9A%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%90%97%EF%BC%9F/876175903f701be8335fa66f6659d47d-20221009224201-4nv8kg2.jpg)
![](assets\06_01.jpg)

四类管理风格示意图

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答案是有的,你可以从之前的工作经验中,迁移一些能力过来。你可能会说,之前的工作经验以技术为主,有什么能力可以迁移过来呢?为了回答好这个问题,我先介绍一个能力层次模型(见下图),叫“**能力三核**”,这个模型把能力分为三个层次:**知识、技能和才干**

![](07%20%E6%88%91%E8%83%BD%E5%81%9A%E5%A5%BD%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%90%97%EF%BC%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AE%B6%E6%9C%8D%E6%88%91%E5%90%97%EF%BC%9F/cd2b601517d3598b9248ddf7f1458c40-20221009224218-4s5bkkd.jpg)
![](assets\07_01.jpg)

“能力三核”(来自盖洛普)

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下面,我们就仔细探讨一下,如何驾驭好这辆马车和如何做管理有哪些相通之处。

![](08%20%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%88%B0%E5%BA%95%E9%83%BD%E5%81%9A%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%84%BF%EF%BC%9F/fc76246753be96b9f91ca845aa9764f9-20221009224246-jazzao7.jpg)
![](assets\08_01.jpg)

“马车模型”示意图

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我们把无所不在的空气般的认知作为“天”,把承载一切管理工作的沟通作为“地”,把管理者需要做的看方向、带人、做事放在中间,就组成了管理者的管理框架,由于看上去像一块三明治,我把它形象地称为“管理三明治”。

![](08%20%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%88%B0%E5%BA%95%E9%83%BD%E5%81%9A%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%84%BF%EF%BC%9F/c129b5d3a3a1fd1848d8453b0cf50183-20221009224246-2hxuogq.png)
![](assets\08_02.png)

“管理三明治”框架示意图

你可能会说,这个框架还是很“虚”啊,看完之后依然不知道要从哪里着手去回答文章开头的那些大问题呢。

别着急,我会把“管理三明治”这个框图,细化为一个可以定位大部分管理问题的“管理全景图”,或者叫“管理图谱”,通过 13 个要素呈现给你,这样你就可以按图索骥地去拆解类似“如何打造高效执行的团队”“如何群策群力打胜仗”“如何顺利空降到一个新团队”这样的大问题了。

![](08%20%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%88%B0%E5%BA%95%E9%83%BD%E5%81%9A%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%84%BF%EF%BC%9F/078630507539f1549dd79d1ebd7ab718-20221009224246-ybcmr84.png)
![](assets\08_03.png)

“管理图谱”

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显然,上级是希望新经理通过认知的改变,从而达到他们能力和行为上的改善。这恰恰呼应了罗伯特·迪尔茨的“NLP 逻辑层次图”,一个人的行为、能力、价值观,都源于一个最根本的认知,就是自我角色的设定。

![](09%20%E4%BB%8E%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%88%E5%88%B0%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E8%80%85%EF%BC%8C%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E9%83%BD%E5%8F%91%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%86%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%EF%BC%9F/218140e9f17123e938e3243805460bbc-20221009224327-o3ghsvd.png)
![](assets\09_01.png)

NLP 逻辑层次图

今天我们就来详细地探讨一下,从一名职业的工程师,到一名职业的管理者,在角色上都有哪些东西发生了转变。

为了让这个角色的转换过程更加生动易懂,我再次拿出之前提到的“马车模型”。当你是一名出色工程师时,就好像马队里的“头马”,显然你是团队里最给力的人,也是你的上级最倚重的人;而当你成为这个团队的管理者,你就实现了一次蜕变,从“头马”转变为“车夫”,这个角色的转变对你来说意味着什么呢?

![](09%20%E4%BB%8E%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%88%E5%88%B0%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E8%80%85%EF%BC%8C%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E9%83%BD%E5%8F%91%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%86%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%EF%BC%9F/856836db282a952b37999a731c66c976-20221009224327-663t07s.jpg)
![](assets\09_02.jpg)

角色转换示意图

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至此,我从十个角度阐述了从一名工程师到一名管理者,角色上所发生的各种变化(如下图),但这就是全部了吗?显然还不是,你可以根据自己的经验,以及在管理工作中的体会和思考,不断丰富你对管理者这个角色的认知和理解。

![](09%20%E4%BB%8E%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%88%E5%88%B0%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E8%80%85%EF%BC%8C%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2%E9%83%BD%E5%8F%91%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%86%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%EF%BC%9F/6593cf825859d6ccbcecc9c69e60db6a-20221009224327-38ptbq0.png)
![](assets\09_03.png)

工程师到管理者的角色转换

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