This was adapted from caesarnine's template, leaning on the fantastic work of Coder.
Clone this repo and rename the resulting folder to be your project name.
Adjust the base image and dependencies in the Dockerfile as needed for what you're trying to do.
If you renamed the folder to myfoo, you could then make build to build the
image, make clean to kill any running containers and clean everything up,
and make run or just use ./start [optional command] to spin up the container.
The VSCode server will then be reachable at: http://localhost:8443
You can install any extension and modify configuration like you would locally.
Any extensions you install and global configuration you update will persist
in the ./vsdata folder so you don't have to redo it every time you restart the
container. By default VSCode will start up with the ./src folder as the
workspace, which you can change by modifying the docker-entrypoint.sh file.
You can pretty much VSCode as you would locally, doing things like starting up terminals, setting Python formatters/linters, and so on.