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DOSBox‐X’s Supported Commands

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Torinde edited this page Aug 28, 2023 · 49 revisions

DOSBox-X supports many internal or external MS-DOS commands. Also, DOSBox-X offers additional commands such as BOOT, MOUNT and RESCAN, which are not found in MS-DOS or compatibles. Internal commands are built into the DOSBox-X command shell whereas external commands appear as programs on the Z: drive (in subdirectories of this drive as of DOSBox-X version 0.83.14).

Below is a list of internal and external commands built into DOSBox-X. For all internal commands and some external commands, you can type command /? or HELP command for more help information on this command, e.g. DIR /? for help information on DIR command.

  • 25/28/50 (external command)

    Changes the DOSBox-X screen to 25/28/50 line mode.

    Usage: Simply enter 25, 28, or 50 without any parameters. See also the Z:\TEXTUTIL directory for more text-mode related tools.

  • 4DOS (external command)

    Starts the 4DOS 8.00 command shell for 4DOS features and capabilities.

    Usage: 4DOS [option]

    Note: You can set 4DOS.COM as the default shell to start (instead of COMMAND.COM) via the SHELL option in the config file. When in the 4DOS shell, type OPTION to set 4DOS options.

  • ADDKEY (external command)

    Generates artificial keypresses.

    Usage: ADDKEY key(s)

  • APPEND (external command)

    Enables a program to open data files in specified directories as if the files were in the current directory.

    Usage: APPEND [ [drive]:path[;…​] ] [/X[:ON|:OFF]] [/PATH:ON|/PATH:OFF] [/E]

    Note: It uses the APPEND command from FreeDOS.

  • ALIAS (internal command)

    Defines or displays aliases.

    Usage: ALIAS [name[=value] …​ ]

  • ASSOC (internal command)

    Displays or changes file extension associations.

    Usage: ASSOC [.ext[=command] …​ ]

  • ATTRIB (internal command)

    Displays or changes the attributes of files and directories.

    Usage: ATTRIB [+R | -R] [+A | -A] [+S | -S] [+H | -H] [drive:][path][filename] [/S]

    Note: Changing file attributes only works on mounted local, SMB share, overlay and FAT drives.

  • AUTOTYPE (external command)

    Performs scripted keyboard entry into a running DOS program.

    Usage: AUTOTYPE [-list] [-w WAIT] [-p PACE] button_1 [button_2 […​]]

    Note: It can be used to reliably skip intros, provide input to answer initial startup or configuration questions, or conduct a simple demo.

  • BOOT (external command)

    Starts disk or BIOS images independent of the operating system emulation offered by DOSBox-X.

    Usage: BOOT [diskimg1.img diskimg2.img] [-l driveletter] or BOOT [driveletter:]

    Note: You can boot a disk image in write-protected mode by putting a lead colon (:).

  • BREAK (internal command)

    Sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking.

    Usage: BREAK [ON | OFF]

  • BUFFERS (external command)

    Displays or changes the CONFIG.SYS’s BUFFERS setting.

    Usage: BUFFERS [buffernum]

  • CALL (internal command)

    Starts a batch file from within another batch file.

    Usage: CALL [drive:][path]filename [batch-parameters]

  • CAPMOUSE (external command)

    Captures or releases the mouse inside DOSBox-X.

    Usage: CAPMOUSE [/C|/R]

  • CD/CHDIR (internal command)

    Displays or changes the current directory.

    Usage: CD [drive:][path] or CHDIR [drive:][path]

  • CDPLAY (external command)

    Starts the full-screen CD player for playing CD audio tracks.

    Usage: CDPLAY [options]

    Note: Command-lines usages are accepted. For further information please read the CDPLAY.TXT file on the Z drive.

  • CFGTOOL (external command)

    Starts DOSBox-X’s graphical configuration tool, where you can review or change its settings.

    Usage: Simply enter CFGTOOL without any parameters.

    Note: You can also use CONFIG command to start DOSBox-X’s command-line configuration utility.

  • CHCP (internal command)

    Displays the current DOS code page, or changes the current code page when using the TrueType font (TTF) output.

    Usage: CHCP [codepage [file]]

    Note: Type CHCP /? to see a list of supported code pages. Specify a code page file for a custom code page.

  • CHKDSK (external command)

    Checks a volume and returns a status report.

    Usage: CHKDSK [drive:] [options]

    Note: It uses the CHKDSK command from FreeDOS.

  • CHOICE (external command)

    Waits for a user keypress and sets ERRORLEVEL. Displays the given prompt followed by [Y,N]? for yes or no response by default.

    Usage: CHOICE [/C:choices] [/N] [/S] [/T:c,nn] text

  • CLS (internal command)

    Clears the screen of all input and returns just the current prompt in the upper left-hand corner.

    Usage: Simply enter CLS without any parameters.

  • COLOR (external command)

    Sets the default console foreground and background colors.

    Usage: COLOR [attr]

    Note: Use SETCOLOR command to view or change the text-mode color scheme settings.

  • COMMAND (external command)

    Runs DOSBox-X’s internal command shell.

    Usage: COMMAND [options]

  • COMP (external command)

    Compares files.

    Usage: COMP file1 [file2] [options]

    Note: It uses the COMP command from FreeDOS.

  • CONFIG (external command)

    Starts DOSBox-X’s command-line configuration utility to change it settings.

    Usage: CONFIG [options]

    Note: You can also use CFGTOOL command to start DOSBox-X’s graphical configuration tool.

  • COPY (internal command)

    Copies one or more files.

    Usage: COPY source [destination]

  • COUNTRY (external command)

    Changes the country code for country-specific date/time/decimal formats.

    Usage: COUNTRY [code]

  • CTTY (internal command)

    Changes the standard I/O device.

    Usage: CTTY device

  • CWSDPMI (external command)

    Starts CWSDPMI, a 32-bit DPMI server used by various DOS games/applications.

    Usage: CWSDPMI [options]

  • DATE (internal command)

    Displays or changes the internal date.

    Usage: DATE [ [/T] [/H] [/S] | MM-DD-YYYY ]

  • DEBUG (external command)

    The DOS DEBUG tool used to test and edit programs.

    Usage: DEBUG [ [drive:][path]progname [arglist] ]

  • DEFRAG (external command)

    Optimizes file loading times by moving file fragments together.

    Usage: DEFRAG [drive:] [options]

    Note: It uses the DEFRAG command from FreeDOS.

  • DEL/ERASE (internal command)

    Removes one or more files.

    Usage: DEL [/P] [/Q] names or ERASE [/P] [/Q] names

  • DELTREE (external command)

    Deletes a directory and all the subdirectories and files in it.

    Usage: DELTREE [/Y] [drive:]path [[drive:]path[…​]]

    Note: This will delete the entire directory tree. Please use this command with caution.

  • DEVICE (external command)

    Loads device drivers as CONFIG.SYS’s DEVICE command.

    Usage: DEVICE [program] [options]

  • DIR (internal command)

    Lists available files and sub-directories inside the current directory.

    Usage: DIR [drive:][path][filename] [options]

  • DISKCOPY (external command)

    Optimizes file loading times by moving file fragments together.

    Usage: DISKCOPY [drive1:] [drive2:] [options]

    Note: It uses the DISKCOPY command from FreeDOS.

  • DOS32A (external command)

    Starts DOS32A, a 32-bit DOS extender used by various DOS games/applications.

    Usage: DOS32A executable.xxx

  • DOS4GW (external command)

    Starts DOS4GW, a 32-bit DOS extender used by various DOS games/applications.

    Usage: DOS4GW executable.xxx

  • DOSIDLE (external command)

    Puts the DOS emulator into idle mode for lower CPU usages.

    Usage: Simply enter DOSIDLE without any parameters.

  • DOSMID (external command)

    Plays MIDI/RMI/MUS audio files.

    Usage: DOSMID audio_file [options]

    Note: It supports both General MIDI and Adlib (OPL2/OPL3) MIDI devices.

  • DSXMENU (external command)

    Runs DOSLIB’s DSXMENU tool, a simple DOS menu system.

    Usage: DSXMENU [-d] INI_file

    Note: This is an open-source tool; its source code is in the related DOSLIB project.

  • DX-CAPTURE (internal command)

    Starts capture (AVI, WAV, etc. as specified), runs program, then automatically stops capture when the program exits.

    Usage: DX-CAPTURE [command] [options]

    Note: This built-in command name is deliberately longer than 8 characters so that there is no conflict with external .COM/.EXE executables that are limited to 8.3 filenames. It can be used for example to make Demoscene captures and to make sure the capture stops when it exits.

  • ECHO (internal command)

    Displays messages and enable/disable command echoing.

    Usage: ECHO [message] or ECHO [ON | OFF]

  • EDIT (external command)

    Starts the full-screen file editor.

    Usage: EDIT [file] [-l LineNum]

  • EDLIN (external command)

    Edits files by lines.

    Usage: EDLIN [file]

  • EXIT (internal command)

    Exits from the batch file or DOSBox-X.

    Usage: Simply enter EXIT without any parameters.

  • FC (external command)

    Compares two files or sets of files and displays the differences between them.

    Usage: FC file1 file2 [options]

    Note: It uses the FC command from FreeDOS.

  • FCBS (external command)

    Displays or changes the CONFIG.SYS’s FCBS setting.

    Usage: FCBS [fcbnum]

  • FDISK (external command)

    Manages partitions on the hard drive.

    Usage: FDISK [options]

    Note: It uses the FDISK command from FreeDOS.

  • FILES (external command)

    Displays or changes the CONFIG.SYS’s FILES setting.

    Usage: FILES [filenum]

  • FIND (external command)

    Prints lines of a file that contains the specified string.

    Usage: FIND [/C] [/I] [/N] [/V] "string" [file(s)]

  • FLAGSAVE (external command)

    Marks or flags files to be saved for the save state feature.

    Usage: FLAGSAVE [file(s) [/F] [/R]] [/U]

  • FOR (internal command)

    Runs a specified command for each file in a set of files.

    Usage: FOR %variable IN (set) DO command [command-parameters]

    Note: Specify %%variable instead of %variable when used in a batch file. It is also possible to use nested FOR commands.

  • FORMAT (external command)

    Formats the specified disk volume.

    Usage: FORMAT drive: [options]

    Note: It uses the FORMAT command from FreeDOS.

  • GOTO (internal command)

    Jumps to a labeled line in a batch script.

    Usage: GOTO label

  • HELP (external command)

    Shows DOSBox-X command help.

    Usage: HELP [/A|/ALL] or HELP command

  • HEXMEM16/HEXMEM32 (external command)

    Runs DOSLIB’s HEXMEM tool, a memory viewer/dumper.

    Usage: HEXMEM16 [options] or HEXMEM32 [options]

    Note: Included in the related DOSLIB project, this open-source tool was specifically written as a way to poke around the addressable memory available to the CPU and to show how a 16-bit DOS program can access extended memory, including flat real mode, and the 286 reset vector trick for 80286 systems. There is also code to access memory above 4GB if the CPU supports 64-bit long mode or the PAE page table extensions, although these are not yet supported by DOSBox-X.

  • HISTORY (internal command)

    Displays or clears the command history list.

    Usage: HISTORY [/C]

  • IF (internal command)

    Performs conditional processing in batch programs.

    Usage: IF [NOT] ERRORLEVEL number command or IF [NOT] string1==string2 command or IF [NOT] EXIST filename command

  • IMGMAKE (external command)

    Makes floppy drive or hard-disk images.

    Usage: IMGMAKE file [-t type] [-size size|-chs geometry] [-nofs] [-source source] [-r retries] [-bat] [-fat] [-spc] [-fatcopies] [-rootdir]

  • IMGMOUNT (external command)

    Mounts drives from floppy drive, hard-disk, or CD images in the host system.

    Usage: IMGMOUNT drive filename [options] or IMGMOUNT -u drive|driveLocation

    Note: You can write-protect a disk image by putting a leading colon (:) before the image file name in the default setting.

  • IMGSWAP (external command)

    Swaps floppy, hard drive and optical disc images (when there are multiple disks mounted on the same drive).

    Usage: IMGSWAP drive [position]

  • INTRO (external command)

    A full-screen introduction.

    Usage: Simply enter INTRO without any parameters.

  • KEYB (external command)

    Changes the layout of the keyboard used for different countries.

    Usage: KEYB [keyboard layout ID [codepage number [codepage file]]]

  • LABEL (external command)

    Changes the volume label of a drive.

    Usage: LABEL [drive:][label]

  • LASTDRIV (external command)

    Displays or changes the CONFIG.SYS’s LASTDRIVE setting.

    Usage: LASTDRIV [driveletter]

  • LFNFOR (internal command)

    Enables or disables long filenames when processing FOR wildcards.

    Usage: LFNFOR [ON | OFF]

    Note: This command is only useful if long filename support is currently enabled.

  • LOADFIX (external command)

    Loads a program above the first 64K of memory. It may be required for some programs to work.

    Usage: LOADFIX [program] [options]

  • LH/LOADHIGH (internal command)

    Loads a program into upper memory (if UMB is available).

    Usage: LH [program] [options] or LOADHIGH [program] [options]

  • LS (external command)

    Lists directory contents in Unix-like style.

    Usage: LS [drive:][path][filename] [/A] [/L] [/P] [/Z]

  • MD/MKDIR (internal command)

    Makes a directory.

    Usage: MD [drive:][path] or MKDIR [drive:][path]

  • MEM (external command)

    Displays the status of the DOS memory, such as the amount of free memory.

    Usage: MEM [options]

    Note: It uses the MEM command from FreeDOS.

  • MIXER (external command)

    Displays or changes the current sound mixer volumes.

    Usage: MIXER [/GUI|/NOSHOW] [/LISTMIDI [handler]] [MASTER volume] [RECORD volume]

    Note: Simply enter MIXER without any parameters to display the current sound mixer volumes. Use the /GUI option for a popup that displays the sound mixer volumes.

  • MODE (external command)

    Configures DOS system devices.

    Usage: MODE display-type or MODE CON RATE=r DELAY=d

  • MORE (internal command)

    Displays output one screen at a time.

    Usage: MORE [filename] or command | MORE

  • MOUNT (external command)

    Mounts drives from directories or drives in the host system.

    Usage: MOUNT [option] driveletter host_directory

    Note: The behavior of its -freesize option can be changed with the freesizecap config option.

  • MOUSE (external command)

    Turns on/off mouse support.

    Usage: MOUSE [/U] [/V]

  • MOVE (external command)

    Moves a file or directory to another location.

    Usage: MOVE [/Y | /-Y] source1[, source2[,…​]] destination

    Note: It uses the MOVE command from FreeDOS.

  • MPXPLAY (external command)

    Media player for a variety of audio file formats such as FLAC, MP3, OGG and WAV.

    Usage: MPXPLAY audio_file [options]

  • NE2000 (external command)

    Loads the NE2000 packet driver for the NE2000 networking feature.

    Usage: NE2000 [options]

    Note: This command is available when the NE2000 networking emulation is enabled.

  • PARALLEL (external command)

    Views or changes the parallel port settings.

    Usage: PARALLEL [port] [type] [option]

  • PATH (internal command)

    Displays/Sets a search patch for executable files.

    Usage: PATH [drive:]path[;…​][;PATH] or PATH ;

  • PAUSE (internal command)

    Waits for a keystroke to continue.

    Usage: PAUSE [message]

  • POPD (internal command)

    Changes to the directory stored by the PUSHD command.

    Usage: POPD

  • PRINT (external command)

    Prints a file in the background.

    Usage: PRINT file [options]

    Note: It uses the PRINT command from FreeDOS.

  • PROMPT (internal command)

    Changes the DOS command prompt.

    Usage: PROMPT [text]

  • PUSHD (internal command)

    Stores the current directory for use by the POPD command, then changes to the specified directory.

    Usage: PUSHD [path]

  • RD/RMDIR (internal command)

    Removes a directory.

    Usage: RD [drive:][path] or RMDIR [drive:][path]

  • RE-DOS (external command)

    Sends a signal to re-boot the kernel of the emulated DOS, without rebooting DOSBox-X itself.

    Usage: Simply enter RE-DOS without any parameters.

  • REM (internal command)

    Adds a comment in a batch file.

    Usage: REM [comment]

  • REN/RENAME (internal command)

    Renames a file/directory or files.

    Usage: REN [drive:][path]filename1 filename2 or RENAME [drive:][path]filename1 filename2

  • REPLACE (external command)

    Replace files in the destination directory with files from the source directory that have the same name.

    Usage: REPLACE [drive1:][path1]filename [drive2:][path2] [/switches]

  • RESCAN (external command)

    Refreshes mounted drives by clearing their caches.

    Usage: RESCAN [/A] or RESCAN [drive:]

    Note: Simply enter RESCAN without any parameters to refresh the current drive. You can also refresh drives from the menu (under "DOS" for all drives or "Drive" for individual drives).

  • SERIAL (external command)

    Views or changes the serial port settings.

    Usage: SERIAL [port] [type] [option]

  • SET (internal command)

    Displays and sets environment variables.

    Usage: SET [variable=[string]]

  • SETCOLOR (external command)

    Views or changes the text-mode color scheme settings.

    Usage: SETCOLOR [color# [value]]

    Note: Use COLOR command to change the current background and foreground colors.

  • SHIFT (internal command)

    Left-shifts command-line parameters in a batch script.

    Usage: Simply enter SHIFT without any parameters.

  • SHUTDOWN (external command)

    Restarts or shuts down DOSBox-X.

    Usage: SHUTDOWN [/R|/S]

  • SORT (external command)

    Sorts input and writes results to the screen, a file, or another device.

    Usage: SORT [/R] [/+num] [/A] [file] or command | SORT

    Note: It uses the SORT command from FreeDOS.

  • START (external command)

    Starts a command or program to run on the host system.

    Usage: START [option] command [arguments]

    Note: This command is disabled by default, but can be enabled either by the startcmd config option or by the -hostrun command-line option.

  • SUBST (internal command)

    Assigns an internal directory to a drive.

    Usage: SUBST [drive1: [drive2:]path] or SUBST drive1: /D

  • SYS (external command)

    Transfers DOS system files and command interpreter to a disk.

    Usage: SYS [source] drive: [bootsect] [{option}]

    Note: It uses the SYS command from FreeDOS.

  • TIME (internal command)

    Displays or changes the internal time.

    Usage: TIME [ [/T] [/H] | hh:mm:ss ]

  • TITLE (external command)

    Sets the window title for the DOSBox-X window.

    Usage: TITLE [string]

    Note: You can also set the DOSBox-X window title via the "title" option in the config file.

  • TREE (external command)

    Graphically displays the directory structure of a drive or path.

    Usage: TREE [drive:][path] [/F] [/A]

  • TRUENAME (internal command)

    Finds the fully-expanded name for a file.

    Usage: TRUENAME file

  • TYPE (internal command)

    Displays the contents of a text-file.

    Usage: TYPE [drive:][path][filename]

  • UTF16 (external command)

    Converts UTF-16 text to view in the current code page.

    Usage: UTF16 [/BE|/LE] < [drive:][path]filename or command-name | UTF16 [/BE|/LE]

  • UTF8 (external command)

    Converts UTF-8 text to view in the current code page.

    Usage: UTF8 < [drive:][path]filename or command-name | UTF8

  • VER (internal command)

    Views and sets the reported DOS version. Also displays the running DOSBox-X version.

    Usage: VER [/R], VER [SET] number or VER SET [major minor]

    Note: "VER 3.3" or "VER SET 3.3" will set the reported DOS version as 3.3 (3.30), whereas "VER SET 3 3" will set the version as 3.03 if you use the [major minor] format.

  • VERIFY (internal command)

    Controls whether to verify that the files are written correctly to a disk.

    Usage: VERIFY [ON | OFF]

  • VOL (internal command)

    Displays the disk volume label and serial number, if they exist.

    Usage: VOL [drive]

  • XCOPY (external command)

    Copies files and directory trees.

    Usage: XCOPY source [destination] [options]

    Note: It uses the XCOPY command from FreeDOS.

The following commands are for switching modes in the text mode:

  • 80x25, 80x43, 80x50, 80x60, 132x25, 132x43, 132x50, 132x60 (external command)

    Changes the text mode to 80x25, 80x43, 80x50, 80x60, 132x25, 132x43, 132x50, and 132x60 modes respectively.

    Note: This command is only available with a VGA machine type.

  • CGA (external command)

    Changes the video mode to the CGA emulation mode.

    Usage: CGA

    Note: This command is only available with a VGA machine type.

  • DCGA (external command)

    Changes the video mode to the DCGA emulation mode.

    Usage: DCGA

    Note: This command can be used to enter J-3100 DCGA mode with Japanese support when J-3100 is enabled along with dosv=jp.

  • EGA (external command)

    Changes the video mode to the EGA emulation mode.

    Usage: EGA

    Note: This command is only available with a VGA machine type.

  • VGA (external command)

    Changes the video mode to the VGA mode.

    Usage: VGA

    Note: This command can be used to return from other video modes (such as CGA or DCGA mode) back to the VGA mode.

  • VTEXT (external command)

    Changes V-text mode for the DOS/V emulation.

    Usage: VTEXT [0|1|2]

    Note: This command is only available in DOS/V emulation mode.

The following commands are for debugging purposes (many of them only available on builds that have the debugging feature enabled):

  • A20GATE (external command)

    Views, turns on/off or changes the A20 gate mode.

    Usage: A20GATE SET [off | off_fake | on | on_fake | mask | fast] or A20GATE [ON | OFF]

  • BIOSTEST (external command)

    Boots into a BIOS image for running CPU tester BIOS.

    Usage: BIOSTEST image_file

  • CGASNOW (external command)

    Turns CGA snow emulation on or off.

    Usage: CGASNOW [ON|OFF]

  • DEBUGBOX (internal command)

    Runs program and breaks into debugger at entry point.

    Usage: DEBUGBOX [command] [options]

  • INT2FDBG (external command)

    Hooks INT 2Fh for debugging purposes.

    Usage: INT2FDBG [/I]

    Note: The option install the hook which will hook INT 2Fh at the top of the call chain for debugging information.

  • LOADROM (external command)

    Loads the specified Video BIOS ROM image file.

    Usage: LOADROM ROM_file

  • NMITEST (external command)

    Generates a non-maskable interrupt (NMI).

    Usage: NMITEST

    Note: This will test if the interrupt handler works properly.

  • VESAMOED (external command)

    Runs the VESA BIOS mode editor utility, which can be used to add, modify or delete VESA BIOS modes.

    Usage: VESAMOED [options]

    Note: It was originally written because some old DOS games or demoscene productions, especially those shipped with a UNIVBE binary, assumed video mode numbers instead of enumerating like they should. It can also be used to rearrange VESA BIOS modes for retro developers who want to make sure their code works properly no matter what strange VESA BIOS their code runs into on real hardware. Because of limitations in DOSBox-X SVGA emulation and the render scaler architecture, the maximum resolution possible resolution is 1920x1440.

  • VFRCRATE (external command)

    Locks or unlocks the video refresh rate to a specific frame rate.

    Usage: VFRCRATE [SET OFF|PAL|NTSC|rate]

    Note: It was originally written to run demoscene games at 59.94Hz (NTSC) so that no frame blending is needed to author to DVD. It can also be used for development and testing to simulate a PC whose refresh rate is locked in hardware, such as what happens when running a DOS program on laptops. Even though standard VGA is 60Hz or 70Hz, laptops will lock the refresh rate to 60Hz when sending video to the internal display.

Note: As of DOSBox-X version 0.83.6, you can customize the external commands as appeared on the Z: drive. For example, you can add your favorite DOS programs to the drivez directory, which will add to or replace existing programs on the Z: drive. As of DOSBox-X version 0.83.14, support for one-level subdirectories on the Z: drive is also added.

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