fix: support Python 3.13 in is_annotated

In Python 3.13, the `typing.Annotated` type was changed to no longer
support `isinstance` or `issubclass`. Replace the `is_annotated`
implementation with code from Pydantic that checks to see if the
origin of the type matches the `Annotated` type exported from either
`typing` or `typing_extensions`.

Fixes #816

dataclasses_avroschema/utils.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 from datetime import datetime, timezone
 from functools import lru_cache
 
+import typing_extensions
 from typing_extensions import Annotated, get_origin
 
 from .protocol import ModelProtocol  # pragma: no cover
@@ -22,6 +23,24 @@
     faust = None  # type: ignore # pragma: no cover
 
 
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def _get_typing_objects_by_name_of(name: str) -> tuple[typing.Any, ...]:
+    """Get the member named `name` from both `typing` and `typing-extensions` (if it exists)."""
+    result = tuple(getattr(module, name) for module in (typing, typing_extensions) if hasattr(module, name))
+    if not result:
+        raise ValueError(f'Neither `typing` nor `typing_extensions` has an object called {name!r}')
+    return result
+
+
+def _is_typing_name(obj: object, name: str) -> bool:
+    """Return whether `obj` is the member of the typing modules (includes the `typing-extensions` one) named `name`."""
+    # Using `any()` is slower:
+    for thing in _get_typing_objects_by_name_of(name):
+        if obj is thing:
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
 @lru_cache(maxsize=None)
 def is_pydantic_model(klass: typing.Type[ModelProtocol]) -> bool:
     if pydantic is not None:
@@ -82,8 +101,16 @@ class User(...)
 
 
 def is_annotated(a_type: typing.Type) -> bool:
-    origin = get_origin(a_type)
-    return origin is not None and isinstance(origin, type) and issubclass(origin, Annotated)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    """
+    Given a python type, return True if is typing.Annotated, otherwise False
+
+    Arguments:
+        a_type (typing.Any): python type
+
+    Returns:
+        bool
+    """
+    return _is_typing_name(get_origin(a_type), name="Annotated")
 
 
 def rebuild_annotation(a_type: typing.Type, field_info: FieldInfo) -> typing.Type: