locale.c: fix format string for __LINE__ output (debugging)

On some platforms, building a -DDEBUGGING perl triggers the following
compiler warnings:

    In file included from locale.c:385:
    locale.c: In function ‘S_bool_setlocale_2008_i’:
    locale.c:2494:29: warning: format ‘%lu’ expects argument of type ‘long unsigned int’, but argument 7 has type ‘int’ [-Wformat=]
                                 "bool_setlocale_2008_i: creating new object"    \
                                 ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    perl.h:4983:33: note: in definition of macro ‘DEBUG__’
                     DEBUG_PRE_STMTS a; DEBUG_POST_STMTS                     \
                                     ^
    locale.c:2493:7: note: in expansion of macro ‘DEBUG_L’
           DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,                                 \
           ^~~~~~~
    locale.c:2523:17: note: in expansion of macro ‘DEBUG_NEW_OBJECT_FAILED’
                     DEBUG_NEW_OBJECT_FAILED(category_names[index], new_locale,
                     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    In file included from locale.c:322:
    config.h:4052:18: note: format string is defined here
     #define U32uf  "lu"  /**/

This is because the code tries to format __LINE__ with a varargs
function using %"LINE_Tf".

Things are slightly tricky here because in a varargs function, no type
context is available, so the format string absolutely has to match the
intrinsic type of each argument. The __LINE__ macro expands to a simple
(decimal) integer constant. According to C, such a constant has type int
if its value fits, otherwise unsigned int if it fits, otherwise long
int, etc. None of the *.c files in the perl distribution exceed 32767
lines (the minimum INT_MAX required by C), so even on ancient 16-bit
systems, our __LINE__ will always be of type int.

The %"LINE_Tf" format is designed to match a line_t argument, not int.
(On some platforms, line_t is defined as unsigned long and incompatible
with int for formatting purposes.) Therefore it is an error to use
%"LINE_Tf" with __LINE__.

One way to fix this is to convert the argument to match the format
string: ... %"LINE_Tf" ...", (line_t)__LINE__.

The other way is to change the format string to match the (int)
argument: "... %d ...", __LINE__.

I chose option Perl#2 because it is by far the most common way to output
__LINE__ elsewhere in the perl source.

locale.c

@@ -362,14 +362,14 @@ static int debug_initialization = 0;
 #  if defined(USE_THREADS) && ! defined(NO_LOCALE_THREADS)
 #    define DEBUG_PRE_STMTS                                                 \
         DEBUG_ERRNO;                                                        \
-        PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\n%s: %" LINE_Tf ": 0x%p%s: ",       \
-                                      __FILE__, (line_t)__LINE__, aTHX_     \
+        PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\n%s: %d: 0x%p%s: ",                 \
+                                      __FILE__, __LINE__, aTHX_             \
                                       errno_string);
 #  else
 #    define DEBUG_PRE_STMTS                                                 \
         DEBUG_ERRNO;                                                        \
-        PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\n%s: %" LINE_Tf "%s: ",             \
-                                      __FILE__, (line_t)__LINE__,           \
+        PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log, "\n%s: %d%s: ",                       \
+                                      __FILE__, __LINE__,                   \
                                       errno_string);
 #  endif
 #  define DEBUG_POST_STMTS  RESTORE_ERRNO;
@@ -2486,14 +2486,14 @@ S_bool_setlocale_2008_i(pTHX_
       DEBUG_Lv(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,                                \
                              "bool_setlocale_2008_i(%s, %s): created %p"    \
                              " while freeing %p; called from %" LINE_Tf     \
-                             " via %" LINE_Tf "\n",                         \
+                             " via %d\n",                                   \
                              category, locale, new, old,                    \
                              caller_line, __LINE__))
 #  define DEBUG_NEW_OBJECT_FAILED(category, locale, basis_obj)              \
       DEBUG_L(PerlIO_printf(Perl_debug_log,                                 \
                             "bool_setlocale_2008_i: creating new object"    \
                             " for (%s '%s') from %p failed; called from %"  \
-                            LINE_Tf " via %" LINE_Tf "\n",                  \
+                            LINE_Tf " via %d\n",                            \
                             category, locale, basis_obj,                    \
                             caller_line, __LINE__));