Add `shellcheck` and `pre-commit` to CI jobs #5862

Job	Run time
clang-format	18s
cppcheck	7m 40s
pre-commit-hooks	1m 6s
rstcheck	24s
shellcheck	20s
vale	32s
copyright_headers	17s
forbidden_types	26s
lychee_IGNORED	25s
pydocstyle	20s
unused_names	15s
black	32s
flake8	21s
isort	15s
mypy	36s
pylint	40s
sphinx-rtd	3m 38s
sphinx-conda	0s
build_macos (macos-latest, clang, openmp, mpi, python, gsl, ltdl, boost, hdf5, optimize, warning)	13m 45s
build_linux (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, boost, optimize, warning)	14m 13s
build_linux (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, openmp, python, gsl, ltdl, boost, optimize, warning)	18m 56s
build_linux (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, mpi, python, gsl, ltdl, boost, optimize, warning)	19m 3s
build_linux (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, openmp, mpi, python, gsl, ltdl, boost, hdf5, sionlib, libneurosim...	32m 58s
	1h 57m 0s

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