Add `shellcheck` and `pre-commit` to CI jobs #5877

Job	Run time
clang-format	18s
shellcheck	23s
pre-commit-hooks	1m 9s
cppcheck	8m 9s
copyright_headers	25s
forbidden_types	15s
lychee_IGNORED	26s
no-crlf	17s
rstcheck	20s
unused_names	16s
vale	49s
black	33s
flake8	25s
isort	20s
mypy	36s
pydocstyle	23s
pylint	39s
sphinx-rtd	3m 52s
sphinx-conda	0s
build_macos (macos-latest, clang, openmp, mpi, python, gsl, ltdl, boost, hdf5, optimize, warning)	12m 13s
build_linux (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, boost, optimize, warning)	14m 0s
build_linux (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, openmp, python, gsl, ltdl, boost, optimize, warning)	18m 56s
build_linux (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, mpi, python, gsl, ltdl, boost, optimize, warning)	19m 54s
build_linux (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, openmp, mpi, python, gsl, ltdl, boost, hdf5, sionlib, libneurosim...	8m 12s
	1h 32m 50s

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