sdk/log: Remove slice allocation from SimpleProcessor.OnEmit (#5493)

The reason for this improvement (apart that, in general, it is good to
have better performance) is there may be good use case to use a
`SimpleProcessor` to emit logs efficiently to standard output. It could
be one of the most efficient solutions (from application performance
perspective) and thanks to such configuration the user would not lose
any logs if the application suddenly crashes. For instance, a useful
configuration could be a simple processor with an OTLP file exporter
(#5408).

I think we might consider changing the following portion of
`SimpleProcessor` documentation (but I would prefer to do it as separate
PR):

> // This Processor is not recommended for production use. The
synchronous
// nature of this Processor make it good for testing, debugging, or
// showing examples of other features, but it can be slow and have a
high
// computation resource usage overhead. [NewBatchProcessor] is
recommended
// for production use instead.

```
goos: linux
goarch: amd64
pkg: go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log
cpu: Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-10885H CPU @ 2.40GHz
                                    │   old.txt   │               new.txt                │
                                    │   sec/op    │    sec/op     vs base                │
Processor/Simple-16                   449.4n ± 7%   156.2n ±  5%  -65.25% (p=0.000 n=10)
Processor/ModifyTimestampSimple-16    468.0n ± 6%   171.3n ± 15%  -63.40% (p=0.000 n=10)
Processor/ModifyAttributesSimple-16   515.8n ± 3%   233.2n ±  8%  -54.77% (p=0.000 n=10)
geomean                               476.9n        184.1n        -61.40%

                                    │   old.txt   │                 new.txt                 │
                                    │    B/op     │    B/op     vs base                     │
Processor/Simple-16                    417.0 ± 0%     0.0 ± 0%  -100.00% (p=0.000 n=10)
Processor/ModifyTimestampSimple-16     417.0 ± 0%     0.0 ± 0%  -100.00% (p=0.000 n=10)
Processor/ModifyAttributesSimple-16   465.00 ± 0%   48.00 ± 0%   -89.68% (p=0.000 n=10)
geomean                                432.4                    ?                       ¹ ²
¹ summaries must be >0 to compute geomean
² ratios must be >0 to compute geomean

                                    │  old.txt   │                 new.txt                 │
                                    │ allocs/op  │ allocs/op   vs base                     │
Processor/Simple-16                   1.000 ± 0%   0.000 ± 0%  -100.00% (p=0.000 n=10)
Processor/ModifyTimestampSimple-16    1.000 ± 0%   0.000 ± 0%  -100.00% (p=0.000 n=10)
Processor/ModifyAttributesSimple-16   2.000 ± 0%   1.000 ± 0%   -50.00% (p=0.000 n=10)
geomean                               1.260                    ?                       ¹ ²
¹ summaries must be >0 to compute geomean
² ratios must be >0 to compute geomean
```

---------

Co-authored-by: Tyler Yahn <[email protected]>

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.htm
 - The `IsEmpty` method is added to the `Instrument` type in `go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric`.
   This method is used to check if an `Instrument` instance is a zero-value. (#5431)
 - Store and provide the emitted `context.Context` in `ScopeRecords` of `go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log/logtest`. (#5468)
+- `SimpleProcessor.OnEmit` in `go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log` no longer allocates a slice which makes it possible to have a zero-allocation log processing using `SimpleProcessor`. (#5493)
 
 ### Changed
 

sdk/log/simple.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ package log // import "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log"
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"sync"
 )
 
 // Compile-time check SimpleProcessor implements Processor.
@@ -30,9 +31,22 @@ func NewSimpleProcessor(exporter Exporter, _ ...SimpleProcessorOption) *SimplePr
 	return &SimpleProcessor{exporter: exporter}
 }
 
+var simpleProcRecordsPool = sync.Pool{
+	New: func() any {
+		records := make([]Record, 1)
+		return &records
+	},
+}
+
 // OnEmit batches provided log record.
 func (s *SimpleProcessor) OnEmit(ctx context.Context, r Record) error {
-	return s.exporter.Export(ctx, []Record{r})
+	records := simpleProcRecordsPool.Get().(*[]Record)
+	(*records)[0] = r
+	defer func() {
+		simpleProcRecordsPool.Put(records)
+	}()
+
+	return s.exporter.Export(ctx, *records)
 }
 
 // Enabled returns true.