Add Python 3.12 to the CI and update Ubuntu

[gdlg]

Summary

This PR adds support for Python 3.12 in the project configuration and CI. I have left the min Python version unchanged (3.9).

How to test

Checklist

• I have added unit tests to cover my changes.​
• I have added integration tests to cover my changes.​
• I have added the description of my changes into CHANGELOG.​
• I have updated the documentation accordingly

License

• I submit my code changes under the same MIT License that covers the project.
  Feel free to contact the maintainers if that's a concern.
• I have updated the license header for each file (see an example below).

# Copyright (C) 2024 Intel Corporation
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

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Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 66.66667% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 81.19%. Comparing base (da9e481) to head (ce01fce).
Report is 23 commits behind head on develop.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/datumaro/plugins/framework_converter.py	66.66%	1 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff            @@
##           develop    #1701   +/-   ##
========================================
  Coverage    81.19%   81.19%           
========================================
  Files          283      283           
  Lines        33005    33005           
  Branches      5309     5309           
========================================
  Hits         26798    26798           
  Misses        4753     4753           
  Partials      1454     1454           

Flag	Coverage Δ
ubuntu-20.04_Python-3.10	?
ubuntu-24.04_Python-3.12	81.17% <66.66%> (?)
windows-2022_Python-3.10	?
windows-2022_Python-3.12	81.17% <66.66%> (?)

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