feat(rust): Add general metadata structure to ChunkedArray

[coastalwhite]

This PR adds a general Metadata structure to the ChunkedArray, which can be used to be better informed decisions during the runtime of the query. Currently, it is not always set or used perfectly, but it can be slowly incorperated.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 81.79612% with 75 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 81.51%. Comparing base (d856b49) to head (42ae8f4).

Files	Patch %	Lines
...polars-core/src/chunked_array/ops/aggregate/mod.rs	48.93%	24 Missing ⚠️
crates/polars-core/src/chunked_array/metadata.rs	79.24%	22 Missing ⚠️
crates/polars-io/src/parquet/read/to_metadata.rs	72.13%	17 Missing ⚠️
crates/polars-core/src/chunked_array/mod.rs	83.33%	8 Missing ⚠️
crates/polars-core/src/chunked_array/from.rs	94.44%	1 Missing ⚠️
...es/polars-core/src/series/implementations/array.rs	50.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
crates/polars-core/src/series/mod.rs	94.73%	1 Missing ⚠️
crates/polars-io/src/parquet/read/read_impl.rs	97.36%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #16399      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   81.53%   81.51%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files        1410     1412       +2     
  Lines      185061   185222     +161     
  Branches     2982     2982              
==========================================
+ Hits       150885   150988     +103     
- Misses      33660    33718      +58     
  Partials      516      516              

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

[ritchie46]

Great one @coastalwhite