feat(python): Support passing Worksheet objects to the write_excel method

[alexander-beedie]

Closes #17994.
Closes #17968.

Example

from xlsxwriter import Workbook
import polars as pl

df = pl.DataFrame({
    "id": ["a123", "b345", "c567", "d789", "e101"],
    "points": [99, 45, 50, 85, 35],
})

with Workbook("basic_chart.xlsx") as wb:
    # create worksheet object
    ws = wb.add_worksheet("demo")

    # write polars frame data to the worksheet
    df.write_excel(
        workbook=wb,
        worksheet=ws,
        table_name="DataTable",
        table_style="Table Style Medium 26",
        hide_gridlines=True,
    )

    # create a chart object against the written
    # frame data using structured references
    chart = wb.add_chart({"type": "column"})
    chart.set_title({"name": "Example Chart"})
    chart.set_legend({"none": True})
    chart.set_style(38)
    chart.add_series({
        "values": "=DataTable[points]",
        "categories": "=DataTable[id]",
        "data_labels": {"value": True},
    })

    # add chart to the worksheet
    ws.insert_chart("D1", chart)

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 84.61538% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 80.51%. Comparing base (d5265d3) to head (2b459fc).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files	Patch %	Lines
py-polars/polars/io/spreadsheet/_write_utils.py	84.61%	1 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #18031      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   80.49%   80.51%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files        1496     1496              
  Lines      196786   196797      +11     
  Branches     2817     2820       +3     
==========================================
+ Hits       158407   158445      +38     
+ Misses      37858    37830      -28     
- Partials      521      522       +1     

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[ritchie46]

All your PR's with images deserve their own chapter in the user guide. I think we undersell what your write_excel is capable off. :D