Add traits for generic norms and distances #130
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… of distances between numbers. The `Norm` trait provides a `norm` function for types that represent a normed vector space – e.g. the absolute value of a float or the norm of a complex number. The `Distance` trait provides a `distance` function to still calculate the distance between two values if no sensible norm can be defined.
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This is the implementation mentioned in #121.
Regarding the issue that there are many possible norms for a certain type (see comment #121 (comment) ): I think these traits would only be intended to be implemented on very basic types for which there is some notion of a standard norm, like the absolute value on floating point numbers and the euclidean norm on complex numbers and one-dimensional arrays.
Indeed in the meantime I started working a separate crate Norman which handles exactly this issue and provides a set of different norms on a single type.
I hoped that both might go well with each other: having num-traits for a simple answer to the question “how far are these two vectors apart” and a dedicated crate if full control is necessary over how this distance is calculated.