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[EN] add Runtime #2033

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[EN] New Term- Runtime
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40 changes: 40 additions & 0 deletions content/en/runtime.md
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---
title: Runtime
status: Feedback Appreciated
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category: concept
tags: ["application", "", ""]
---
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## What it is

A runtime, in general, executes a piece of software.
It is an [abstraction](/abstraction/) of the underlying operating system that translates the program's commands into respective actions for the operating system.

In the context of [cloud native](/cloud-native-apps/), _runtime_ generally refers to container runtime.
A container runtime specifically implements the [Open Container Initiative](https://opencontainers.org/) specification to ensure consistent handling around the ecosystem.
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This includes container image specifications, how the runtime can retrieve images,
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and how these images are unpacked, layered, mounted, and executed.
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These runtimes utilize kernel features such as namespaces and cgroups to provide isolation and resource management for the containers.
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## Problem it addresses

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Without a container runtime, the user would have to manually handle the container lifecycle, interface directly with cgroups and namespaces in the kernel, and handle hardware resources.
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I'm confused. If a runtime is an abstraction, wouldn't the problem be that the app would have to interface directly with the OS, and we'd need to ensure interoperability for all possible apps with all possible OSs, and that would be a headache? As far as I understood, abstractions are not to automate things but to enable interoperability. To be clear, I never really new what a runtime is, so this is only based on my understanding of abstraction.

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Also, container lifecycle, cgroups, namespaces, these are all very technical concepts we are throwing in here. Can we express that in more general terms without listing these?

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I'll simplify it.
A runtime is indeed an abstraction. It helps the application interact with the underlying OS without needing to know the complexities and mechanics and making the applications easier to run on different systems without much modifications.

Before runtimes, the applications had to deal with the complexities of each OS and that made it a headache. Runtimes provide a common interface to just write code once and run it on various platforms.

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@akshatcoder-hash did you already add the simplification?! Instead of throwing in cgroups and namespaces and kernel, we could just say operating system.

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The container runtime acts as an abstraction layer for these features.
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## How it helps
Container runtimes are a necessary component of container orchestrators such as Kubernetes.
They handle the container lifecycle, meaning X, Y, and Z.
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Runtimes also manage hardware resources and automate [??], taking care of all these operating system-level actions.
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thus, they are responsible for launching, managing, and terminating containers.
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Over time different container runtime products evolved, leading to the OCI Specification,
which became the standard for container runtimes.

Introducing this standard allows end users to combine any OCI-compliant runtime with any OCI-compliant container orchestrator (like Kubernetes).

## Related terms

- [Cloud Native](https://glossary.cncf.io/cloud-native-apps/)
- [Containerization](https://glossary.cncf.io/containerization/)
- [Container Orchestration](https://glossary.cncf.io/container-orchestration/)
- [Microservices Architecture](https://glossary.cncf.io/microservices-architecture/)
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cdn
changelog
chatbot
cgroup
cgroups
cio
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mtls
multitenancy
multitenant
namespace
namespaces
navbar
observability
oci
oliveira
opencontainers
orchestrator
orchestrators
overdemand
overprivileged
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